Wilfredo Mármol Amaya
Psychologist and writer from Virola.
Anastasio Aquino, born in Santiago Nonualco to become the first leader who sought better living conditions for his people, guaranteeing land, work, respect and recognition of dignity for the indigenous Cuscatleco, who just 13 years after the independence of 1821 left a small group of new owners of the also new life, distinguished by the desire for “the more profits the greater the desire for enrichment” at the cost of hunger, the dispossession of whatever was possible, eliminating ejidal lands and the legal establishment of the unfair Parcels and Distributions to guarantee the Spaniards and those close to them to become a social class by being owners of the land, in addition to enjoying their crops and the excessive collection of taxes imposed on the indigenous, within the framework of the new republic under construction.
Ancestral spirituality is the most important part of the Nonualco inhabitants because through it they learned to direct their lives with their native Mother Earth and continue with all the customs that had to be followed in the Nahuat life that the older or advanced tatas directed in the study of ancestral spirituality, because the creator and the other creators had to be respected and so did the other elements of native social life. Scotus. Jorge. A. (1973). The Nahuat population in El Salvador and other Central American countries. (1st ed.) “The spiritual guides were in charge of carrying out each of the ceremonies of the entire calendar along with the activities of blessing the earth and other activities of each solstice that had to be done in the year both in winter and summer to bless the crops as to protect the community from other tribes or wars.” This shows us that before the arrival of the Spanish invader there were Nonualco chiefdoms in which they were distributed in small ones according to the number of inhabitants that each chiefdom had together with the calpullis similar to a free confederation of nations but with political power within the councils. spiritual and military. These in turn were stratified in the following ways:
– Chieftain; Spiritual guide (what we know as a religious or shaman, but he was in charge of others who were progressing in ancestral spirituality) when he was not the chief of the tribe; Warriors; Merchants; Artisans; Loceros; Hunters; Macehualtin-cultivators of the land. Colonial America from 1516 to (formerly West Indies) 1821. Taken from Scotus. Jorge. A. (1973). The Nahuat population in El Salvador and other Central American countries. (1st ed.)
With independence, the proclamation was drafted and Don Cecilio Gómez was commissioned to bear the news to the towns of Santiago, San Juan and San Pedro Nonualco, Analco and Santa María Ostuma, who in their respective offices stated that they adhered to the proclamation. just and holy cause of Independence: “The happy day has arrived, that day that our parents looked forward to, and closed their eyes before seeing it. Happy? Happy a thousand times for being the beginning of all our happiness, our people, our fields and their fruits will now be happy, the voice of sedition will never again be heard, nor will we again see determined and bloody persecutions against those who have manifested the true love for his country and although with great pain we are ashamed to say it, but we have experienced up to this point what other nations, no matter how barbaric they may be, will not believe because they are contrary to the general laws of humanity….” Modern History of El Salvador, page. 89-90
Regarding Las Encomiendas y Repartciones, Segundo Montes, a Jesuit priest of the UCA murdered in the massacre of the Atlacatl Battalion in November 1989, points out: “Today it seems unsustainable to us that a country can be conquered and colonized by force at the cost of many lives and destroying culture and social, religious, economic and political institutions and we do not find reasons that can not only justify them, but not even excuse them. But those were other times, and a full awareness of the dignity of people and their culture had not yet developed. There were mainly two justifications given for this task: on the one hand, the Christianization of the infidels, entrusted to the Christian sovereigns as a mission that fell upon them due to their dignity received from God – according to the opinion in force at the time. -, and delegated through the Roman Pontiff, representative of God on earth; and on the other hand the concept that was held that Americans, as well as Africans and other “primitives” were inferior, like children, and even “non-men” – a concept that not even Las Casas himself was free from, who inconsequently advocated the introduction of black slaves into the Indies, so that the natives would not be enslaved). Furthermore, in relation to the Encomienda and Repartimiento that were required of the Salvadoran, Latin and Antillean indigenous people, Segundo Montes, points out: “…we have been able to verify the importance that was given in the Colony to the Encomienda and Repartimiento, as well as the purpose that was always is awarded. The encomienda, and the repartimiento, is an institution to which all authors who study the colonial era, as well as the Chroniclers, make obligatory reference.
… “Instruct and inform them in the things of the faith…”, and pay the Chamber a year a peso of gold for each Indian head (page 16).” The compadrazgo: a power structure in El Salvador, Segundo Montes, Digitized by Biblioteca »P. Florentino Idoate, SJ ”José Simeón Cañas Central American University.
LEADER ANATASIO AQUINO
But there was a nonualca indigenous person who organized the first battalion of Indians to defend, represent the Indians and fight for better living conditions.
Matilde Elena López, narrates the insurrection of the Nonualco peoples in 1833, under the command of the Tayte (chief) Anastasio Aquino, a work that argues the military uprising of the Indian Anastasio Aquino, chief of the Nonualca tribes, in the year 1833. Ballad of Anastasio Aquino: theater.
In her theatrical work, Matilde Elena López, presents us with a work that “could be considered to be the part of Anastasio Aquino’s life in which he becomes aware of the condition of exploitation in which the Indian lives, receiving mistreatment from the boss, recruitment forced and in general living in a miserable way. Anastasio seeks through struggle to free others from all forms of exploitation.”
Their fight was to prevent the lords from continuing to dispossess them of their lands, in addition to trying to take power. The towns of Santiago and San Juan Nonualco (El Salvador), Analco, part of the town of Zacatecoluca and other towns neighboring the capital, responded to the call of rebellion. Aquino had three thousand men, mostly indigenous. He had extraordinary organizational skills, reckless courage and unfathomable courage. He claimed that he had never known fear, that he was not afraid of anything or anyone. Although he won many battles, they finally hunted him down in Tacuazín.”
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