Joint research between Severance Hospital and KAIST team
input 2024.10.24 18:07
input 2024.10.24 18:07
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It has been found that when you receive the COVID-19 vaccine, protective immune cells are expressed in the nose, preventing the disease from getting worse. [사진=게티이미지뱅크]The principle of how COVID-19 vaccination prevents the development of severe COVID-19 has been revealed. It has been shown that when you receive the vaccine, protective immune cells are expressed in the nose, preventing the disease from getting worse.
The research team of Professor Na Min-seok and Kim Chang-hoon of the Department of Otolaryngology at Severance Hospital and Professor Shin Shin-cheol of the KAIST Graduate School of Medical Sciences announced on the 24th that COVID-19 vaccination induces ‘memory T cells‘ in nasal tissue.
Once you have contracted COVID-19 and recovered, memory T cells are created. It is widely known that memory T cells react when the COVID-19 virus invades the human body and prevent the risk of COVID-19 becoming more severe.
Most of the research that revealed the creation and role of memory T cells was conducted on blood. The nose is the organ where the COVID-19 virus first invades and proliferates, but not much is known about memory T cells present in the nose.
Additionally, there has been no study reported that messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines, which are currently being actively administered, induce memory T cells in the respiratory mucosa such as the nose.
The research team conducted an experiment to determine whether vaccine recipients with no experience of COVID-19 infection had memory T cells in their nasal tissues and the characteristics of the memory T cells present.
The research team collected nasal tissue cells and blood from people who had not been in contact with COVID-19, people who had been vaccinated, and people who were infected after vaccination, and analyzed the cells precisely using an advanced research technique called MHC-I multimer fluorescence staining. In addition, memory T cells were detected and their characteristics and functions were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing, which can simultaneously measure thousands of genes in a single cell.
As a result, COVID-19 memory T cells were detected in the nasal tissue of vaccinated people with no history of COVID-19 infection. These cells, similar to memory T cells generated during the recovery process after infection, stayed in the nasal tissue and secreted the immune substance interferon-gamma, performing an antiviral function. The period of time that memory T cells existed in the nose was more than a year.
Professor Na Min-seok said, “This is the first research result to demonstrate that memory T cells, which play an important role in the immune system, are generated just by receiving an mRNA vaccine.” “I hope it will happen,” he said.
The results of this study were published in the international academic journal Nature Communications.
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