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in Biology, called metabolic process oxidation – Reduce sugars by anaerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration. This means that in the process the glucose is oxidized to obtain power , without the presence of oxygen. Which The process of cellular respiration in which oxygen molecules do not participate .
Anaerobic respiration is different from breathing antenna or antenna Because the latter requires oxygen to process the sugar molecules. Conversely, anaerobic uses other types of chemical elements or also molecules The most complex organic, through the electron transport chain.
Not to be confused with Fermentation, because the chain of transmission electron not involved in it. However, both processes have in common that they occur in the absence of oxygen.
This type of cellular respiration is unique to some prokaryotic organisms ( bacteria or archaea), especially those living in conditions with little or no oxygen. However, in many cases it can also constitute a secondary process, let’s say emergency, due to the unexpected rarity of this element in The environment .
Types of anaerobic respiration
can classify Anaerobic respiration according to the type of chemical element used to replace oxygen, i.e. as an electron acceptor during metabolism. Therefore, there can be many types of operations of this type, but the main and most common are:
- Anaerobic respiration with nitrates. In this case, consume Nitrate microorganisms (NO 3 – ) to reduce it to nitrite (NO 2 – ) by fusing the electrons. However, as nitrite is usually toxic to most forms of life it is more common for the final product of this process to go further into diatomic nitrogen (N. 2 ), which is an inert gas. This process is known as denitrification.
- Anaerobic respiration with sulphates. Similar to the previous case, but with sulfur derivatives (SO.). 4 2- ), is a very rare condition, belonging to completely anaerobic bacteria, while the former can occur as an alternative to momentary hypoxia. In this sulphate reduction process, sulfur radicals (S 2- ) secondary.
- Anaerobic respiration by carbon dioxide. Some groups of archaea that produce methane (CH.) Consume 4) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to be used as an electron acceptor. Of this nature are the microorganisms that live in the digestive tract of ruminants, for example, as other microorganisms provide them with the hydrogen they need for this process.
- Anaerobic respiration using iron ions. The latter condition is common among some bacteria, capable of consuming ions iron (Fe 3+ ), reducing them to ferrous ions (Fe.). 2+ ), because this type of iron particle is very common in the earth’s crust . This is what happens at the bottom of the marshes, where the bacterial action produces important iron deposits.
Examples of anaerobic respiration
Examples of this type of process are especially common in the prokaryotic world more the areas cruel planet , but not lifeless for this. These areas are:
- Intestines higher animals.
- Seabed and abyssal fissures.
- geothermal locks through which magma flows downwards the sea .
- Geysers, hot springs and other forms of Geothermal sprout .
- swamps and muddy water full With organic matter and low oxygen content.
glycolysis
glycolysis or glycolysis It is the metabolic pathway that allows to obtain power of glucose . In other words, it is a succession of biochemical reactions, which are applied by most people Organisms to break down a glucose molecule (C. 6 H. 12 or 6 ) and get him to do it chemical energy necessary (in the form of ATP ) To maintain metabolism The cell phone is continuous.
Glycolysis consists of 10 reactions enzymatic direct speech, Either in the presence (aerobic) or in the absence (anaerobic) of oxygen . Consequently, this results in the formation of two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (C. 3 H. 4 or 3 ), which feed other metabolic pathways to continue receiving energy for a living organism (the so-called Krebs cycle).
Source / concepto.de
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