Splash Pads Linked to Hundreds of Outbreaks, Study Finds
Between 1997 and 2022, splash pads across the United States became the source of at least 60 disease outbreaks, highlighting a public health concern often overlooked during hot summer months. Data compiled from 23 states and Puerto Rico, revealed a troubling link between the popular water attractions and gastrointestinal illnesses, primarily caused by Cryptosporidium .
This research unleashed a surprising statistic "These 60 outbreaks resulted in 10,611 cases, 152 hospitalizations, 99 emergency department visits, and no reported deaths,” the study noted. What’s more, these outbreaks weren’t isolated incidents. While some occurred in areas featuring multiple water venues like swimming pools and splash pads, a significant 39 outbreaks, affecting 5,384 people, were directly tied to splash pads alone.
The culprit behind a majority of these outbreaks? Cryptosporidium, a microscopic parasite known for causing severe diarrhea and stomach cramps. Cryptosporidium hominis, a specific strain of the parasite, was the leading cause, accounting for the three largest outbreaks documented in the study. More than 7,800 cases were linked to this strain alone. While Cryptosporidium dominated, other infectious agents also played a role.
" Cryptosporidium caused 40 (67%) outbreaks (including one that also was caused by Giardia species and another also caused by Shigella species) that resulted in 9,622 (91%) reported cases, 123 (81%) hospitalizations, and 21 (21%) emergency department visits," researchers stated. Additionally, outbreaks attributed to Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia duodenalis , norovirus, and Salmonella serotype Newport were also reported.
Importantly, the majority of these outbreaks occurred during the peak summer months (May-August), underscoring the need for heightened awareness during this period. Furthermore, common settings for these outbreaks included community parks and municipal venues, alerting public officials and maintenance crews to high-risk locations.
"Of the 60 splash pad–associated outbreaks, 57 (95%) were reported during May–August. Approximately one fourth (n = 17; 27%) of the outbreaks were associated with at least one splash pad in a community or municipality setting… " the study highlighted.
Contributing Factors: A Complex Puzzle
The investigation shed light on contributing factors fueling these outbreaks.
Among splash pad-exclusive outbreaks, issues with water quality and disinfection emerged as key concerns. A breakdown of disinfection systems and lack of proper water monitoring were frequently reported, emphasizing the importance of rigorous maintenance and oversight.
As we head into another summer season, these findings serve as a crucial reminder. Proper chlorine levels, routine system checks, and public awareness campaigns can play a significant role in preventing these outbreaks and ensuring the safety of our community splash pads.
