Jakarta –
Vomiting blood or hematemesis is a condition when there is blood in the vomit. This condition indicates bleeding somewhere in the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum.
Quoted from the book First Aid by dr. Kartono Mohamad, the blood that comes out when vomiting is dark red (sometimes black) and is often accompanied by the remains of food eaten.
The color of the blood is influenced by the length of time the blood mixes with stomach acid. If bleeding has just occurred, the blood in the vomit will be fresh red. If it has been happening for a long time, generally the blood will be blackish in color like coffee.
Causes of Vomiting Blood
Vomiting blood or hematemesis is basically not the same as coughing up blood. The blood in vomiting comes from the digestive tract, while in coughing up blood, the blood comes from the respiratory tract, including the lungs.
Therefore, coughing up blood due to TB is not the same as vomiting blood. Reporting from Medical News Today, several common causes of someone experiencing vomiting of blood are:
Ulcer disease Prolonged severe vomiting Tearing, irritation, or inflammation of the stomach lining Enlarged blood vessels in the food pipe or intestines Tumors and injuries to the stomach or esophagus Radioactive damage to the upper intestine Hepatitis or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection Use of certain drugs, such as aspirin, NSAIDs, or blood thinners Accidentally consuming toxins Pregnancy, as a complication of morning sickness and regular vomiting.
Certain medical conditions that can cause hematemesis include:
Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the walls of the intestines and stomach)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)Blood vessel disorders in the intestineInflammation of the food pipe, intestines, or pancreasPancreatic cancerCertain liver conditions, such as acute liver failure and cirrhosisDieulafoy’s lesion (a condition where an artery protrudes through the stomach wall)Tear Mallory-Weiss (a tear in the food pipe caused by increased pressure due to vomiting or coughing) Portal hypertension (high blood pressure occurs in the portal vein) Blood disorders, such as a low platelet count, hemophilia, anemia, or leukemia.
Meanwhile, vomiting of blood in babies and children can be caused by a number of the following conditions:
Congenital disorders (abnormalities that have been present since birth due to genetic or non-genetic factors) Blood clotting disorders Vitamin deficiencies CAL Milk allergies Swallowing blood or foreign objects, such as from the nose or from the mother during childbirth.
Symptoms of Vomiting Blood
Symptoms of vomiting blood generally vary depending on the amount and color of blood expelled. Reporting from Healthline, the following symptoms usually accompany vomiting of blood:
DizzinessWeaknessPale, cold skinBlurred visionFast heartbeatChanges in breathingCold or clammy skinConfusionSevere stomach acheVomiting blood after an injuryFainting.
Reporting from Very Well Health, the blood that appears can look like the following:
Dark red or light red or brown blood with food Blood without food Pellets such as black coffee grounds.
Risk of Vomiting Blood
There are several factors that can put a person at risk of vomiting blood. According to Very Well Health, these factors are as follows:
Having a history of vomiting for a long period of time Taking pain relievers (such as aspirin or ibuprofen) excessively Consuming certain foods such as coffee, alcohol or chocolate which have a risk of increasing acidity Being overweight Taking blood thinners Smoking Stress Pregnant.
Treatment for Vomiting Blood
When experiencing vomiting of blood, the first step that must be taken immediately is to seek medical help. This aims to get a diagnosis as quickly as possible. If the diagnosis is known, treatment and care can be carried out intensively and effectively.
In cases of vomiting with a large amount of blood, a blood transfusion may be needed as first aid to replace the lost blood. In this case, IV fluids may also be needed to hydrate the body.
Next, the doctor will diagnose the cause of the patient’s vomiting of blood. Then, medical treatment and care will be adjusted to the cause of vomiting blood. If vomiting blood is caused by a digestive problem such as an ulcer, the doctor will prescribe medication to reduce stomach acid production.
However, in more serious cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the doctor will refer the patient to a gastroenterologist to diagnose the source of the bleeding. In more extreme cases, such as stomach or intestinal perforation, surgery may be performed.
This is information about vomiting blood, causes, symptoms, risk factors and treatment methods. Hopefully this article is useful.
Watch the video “Ouch! When Fasting GERD Relapses”
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2023-10-31 22:00:21
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