The National Astronomical Research Institute (NARIT) released the discovery data. “Voices from the Universe” for the first time, stating that the IPTA research team detected “Voices from the Universe” pass through gravitational waves for the first time Invite you to follow more in the big press conference tonight. midnight The research team in the network The International Pulsar Timing Array, or IPTA, uses the Very Large Array, Green Bank Telescope and Arecibo radio telescope networks to track signals from pulsars. Used as a giant gravitational wave observatory This made it possible to observe gravitational waves from a prototypical black hole for the first time. According to the results reported from a study of more than 15 years.
gravitational waves
According to Einstein’s theory of general relativity what we call gravity It actually arises from the bending of space-time due to mass. It is similar to a pendulum placed on stretch fabric. then pulling the fabric to stretch out One by-product of this theory is that Whenever two black holes merge. The influence of the distortion of spacetime that occurs can spread influence at the speed of light can be detected in the form of gravitational waves
However, to observe gravitational waves It is necessary to study the slight changes in spacetime. Through very long distances, as is the case with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), spacetime is observed in a vacuum tube more than 4 kilometers long. The spacetime in the tube will stretch and contract to less than a thousandth of the width of the proton.
LIGO has previously detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger. and/or neutron stars several times It was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2017. However, instruments such as LIGO are sensitive to measurements of gravitational waves at frequencies in the hundreds of hertz (Hz) generated by the merger of 10-mass black holes. 100 times the mass of the sun only To listen to the sound of gravitational waves produced by a more massive supermassive black hole. Much further distances are needed to study the dynamics of spacetime.
To build an observatory larger than our solar system Still can’t be done with current technology. One concept is to observe phenomena that occur in nature. which is one of the phenomena pulsar Pulsars are formed when massive stars collapse towards the end of their lives. and become a neutron star The resulting neutron star Sometimes it emits radio waves as a beam. to splash around similar to a lighthouse according to the rotation of the neutron star This may take tens of seconds. to a few milliseconds Because neutron stars are among the densest objects in the universe. and change the rotation rate very little The signals from this pulsar are therefore accurate signals. It can be compared to the constantly beeping clock of the universe.
So, in principle, it is If we study the signals emitted by the surrounding pulsars Our solar system has a lot. and lasted long enough Whenever a large gravitational wave passes through We may observe that the signals sent by each pulsar vary in duration. According to the stretch-stretch of spacetime between the solar system and those pulsars. It is similar to observing the ups and downs of buoys in the sea that indicate the arrival of a tsunami. It is comparable to building a gravitational wave measuring instrument with a size
in practice Studying gravitational waves like this poses many challenges. since the weak signal of each pulsar complex data processing noise in the data And requires high accuracy to confirm their findings, the NANOgrav team spent more than 15 years collecting data before being able to confirm the findings.
chimes from the universe
final result is the observation of something similar to “Voices from the Universe” that came from all corners of the universe The combination of each pair of black holes in each note is farther away. Maybe millions or even tens of billions of years interspersed, resonating like a symphony of hundreds of instruments clattering through a cosmopolitan universe that we were only able to hear for the first time.
These “gravitational background waves” sound coming from all directions. and may arise from wave sources far and wide in the universe. that we can take advantage of phenomena already found in the universe led to the observation of this never-before-observable phenomenon. therefore comparable to the opening of a new era and a new approach to studying the universe in which we live.
Some of the signals may come from the merger of supermassive black holes at the centers of distant galaxies. billions of years ago Studying the merger of supermassive black holes at the centers of these galaxies. It will help us understand the mechanisms of galactic merging. Until becoming a galaxy shape and the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy we know today. or this signal may come from Other bizarre phenomena, such as the coalescence of space-time cracks known as cosmic strings, currently remain only theoretical predictions or partial signals. It could be the gravitational waves left over from the Big Bang itself. as well as discovery The cosmic microwave background is the key to understanding the origins of the universe. The study of gravitational waves background It may be an important window that allows us to look back in time to observe an unobscured view of the formation of the universe.
All of these are just preliminary results. Although this preliminary study took up to 15 years, if we look at the example of LIGO and EHT, it took longer than the first research paper. It can be clearly seen that what has been learned can lead bring to fruition and understanding that later grew considerably. However, it is clear that the work This confirms the potential of a gravitational wave observatory in the form of a Pulsar Timing Array, and we’ll have to wait and see in the near future. We will be able to distinguish these clamoring sounds. come out as a note and the melody that each phenomenon sings together as part of the reverberation in the universe or not? And will it bring answers to any other interesting questions about the universe?
The IPTA network includes research groups from around the world: the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA), the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NanoGRAV), the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA), the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA), and The Indian. The Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) aims to detect and study low-frequency gravitational waves using pulsars as a tool.
Invite you to follow in-depth details from the research team. with their 15-year study data midnight today. according to Thailand time https://nanograv.org/news/2023Announcement
Reference/Read more:
https://iopscience.iop.org/…/apjl-230623-245-Focus-on…
Arranged : Dr. Matipol Tangmatitham – NARIT astronomy expert
