A medical test widely used to detect cancer could paradoxically be contributing to the growth of the disease, according to recent research. Computerized tomography, or CT scans, utilize X-rays to generate detailed images of the body. These scans are instrumental in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions, including cancer, bone lesions, and the effectiveness of surgical interventions and other treatments. However, concerns are mounting over the lack of stringent regulation of these devices and the meaningful variability in radiation levels emitted by different scanners, raising questions about patient safety and potential long-term health consequences.

The use of CT scans has become increasingly prevalent in modern medicine. Thay are invaluable tools for identifying diseases and internal bleeding early enough for effective treatment.Though, some experts suggest that CT scans are sometimes prescribed excessively or without sufficient justification. This overuse may be driven by the considerable profits these tests generate for hospitals, given their high cost, or by doctors’ fears of overlooking a diagnosis and facing potential lawsuits.

In 2009, researchers estimated that high doses of radiation from computerized tomography were responsible for 2% of total cancers, which translates to approximately 30,000 cases annually. Recent studies indicate a concerning trend: as the number of tomography procedures increases, the incidence of associated cancers is expected to follow suit.

Dr.Rebecca Smith-Bindman, a professor at the University of California-San Francisco, has been deeply involved in research on this topic, including the 2009 study and subsequent investigations. She expressed her concern, stating, It’s incomprehensible. We continue to make more and more tomography, and the radiation doses grow constantly.

Dr. Smith-Bindman further emphasized the wide range of radiation doses patients may encounter, noting that between two devices, one could expose patients to radiation doses of 10 to 15 times higher then the other. This variability underscores the need for greater standardization and quality control in CT scanning practices.

She added,There are huge variations – ten times,not with 10% – at patients with the same clinical problem. This disparity highlights the potential for patients to receive significantly different levels of radiation exposure depending on the specific machine and facility where the scan is performed.

According to IMV market research company, approximately 93 million tomography procedures are conducted annually in the USA, and this number continues to rise. This widespread use amplifies the potential public health implications of even small increases in cancer risk associated with CT scan radiation.

Understanding Radiation Risks

Exposure to radiation is measured in millisieverts (mSv),a unit that quantifies the amount of radiation absorbed by the body. Individuals are exposed to radiation daily through natural sources and activities such as air travel. A study published in *The New england Journal of Medicine* highlighted that while individual risks from CT scans might perhaps be small, the increasing exposure of the radiation population could become a public health problem. The authors estimated that cancer caused by CT scan radiation could account for between 1.5% and 2% of all cancer cases.

Dr. Smith-Bindman’s study analyzed the radiation doses of the 11 most common types of tomography performed on 1,119 adult patients in 2008.The study revealed significant variations in radiation exposure, ranging from 2 mSv for a cerebral CT to 25 mSv for an abdominal/pelvic CT. For context, a round trip flight between New York and Tokyo exposes a person to approximately 0.19 mSv, while a stomach radiography involves about 0.6 mSv.

The study also found alarming differences between hospitals, with some scans emitting up to 13 times more radiation than others. the estimated cancer risk varied based on age and sex:

  • At age 40: 1 in 270 women and 1 in 600 men who undergo a cardiac CT may develop cancer; 1 in 8,100 women and 1 in 11,000 men after a brain CT.
  • At age 20: the risk is approximately doubled.
  • At age 60: the risk is approximately halved.

Cancers associated with radiation exposure include leukemia, and also cancers of the breast, colon, bladder, stomach, ovary, lungs, and liver.

New Regulations Aim to Reduce Risks

To mitigate these risks, new medicine regulations, which took effect in 2024, mandate that hospitals and imaging centers report the radiation doses of their equipment and carefully assess the necessity of each CT scan. Failure to comply with these regulations will result in fines starting in 2027. The potential impact of the Trump governance on these policies remains uncertain.

Conclusion

While tomography remains an indispensable tool in modern medicine, the potential for excessive use and the significant variations in radiation levels underscore the urgent need for standardization, stricter controls, and greater awareness among both medical professionals and patients. Informed decision-making and adherence to best practices are crucial to maximizing the benefits of CT scans while minimizing the associated risks.