JAKARTA – The form of dark energy is still a mystery, but the majority of astronomers around the world believe in this hypothesis. It doesn’t make sense if 70 percent of the universe is filled with emptiness.
The dark energy hypothesis emerged due to theory big bang or the big explosion that occurred about 13.8 billion years ago. At that time, gravitational movements were very slow, but accelerated approximately 9 billion years after the universe was formed.
This increasingly rapid formation is believed to occur due to the push of dark energy. Many are convinced of the presence of this energy even though there are no telescopes, radars or sensors that can detect the form or components of dark energy.
Although invisible, some scientists describe dark energy as negative pressure that pushes space outward. Many ideas accompany this energy, such as vacuum energy, essence, and the structural defects of the universe.
The first idea, which calls dark energy vacuum energy, is supported by Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Scientists who believe that dark energy is a fundamental background in space call it the equivalent of the cosmological constant.
This theory is the most popular topic of discussion compared to other dark energy ideas. A theory has emerged which explains that virtual particles cancel each other out in the universe. This action is based on the vacuum energy that fills the cosmos.
Next, some scientists call dark energy the essence. This theory explains that dark energy is a type of fluid or energy field that fills space, but its energy is the opposite of normal matter.
Some scientists also argue that essence is a combination of dark energy and dark matter, matter that cannot be detected by radiation. Just like dark energy, dark matter is still just a hypothesis and cannot be proven.
The final theory supporting the presence of dark energy is space wrinkles. Some people argue that dark energy is a defect in the structure of the universe or is similar to cosmic strings so that its shape is similar to wrinkles.
Various space agencies around the world are still trying to solve the mystery of dark energy, one of which is the United States Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This state agency is confident that they can solve this hypothesis.
To support understanding of dark energy, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are collaborating to launch the Euclid space telescope in 2023. NASA will also launch the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in 2027.
The focus of these two telescopes is the same, namely the search for dark energy. Euclid will observe matter separated from dark energy, while Grace Roman will probe dark energy with a field of view 100 times larger than other telescopes.
Ket. Photo: Illustration of the search for dark energy with Euclid (photo: NASA doc)
Tag: energy
2024-02-06 16:05:00
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