That proton And neutron The atomic nucleus is made up of three smaller elementary particles known as quarks.
A new study has now determined the unprecedented details of the distribution of many types of quarks in a protonbroaden our understanding of this very important part of the atom.
Although the quantum landscape inside the proton is a hot mess of quarks and antiquarks as they appear and disappear, there is a general predominance of “flavor” over the others; Two up-flavored quarks and one down-flavored quark.
Led by theoretical physicist Shohini Bhattacharya of Brookhaven National Laboratory, the research team has now created the highest-resolution map of the two. taste of quark.
Our calculations show that the up quarks are more evenly distributed and spread over a smaller distance than the down quarks. He said Fisikawan teoretis Swagato Mukherjee, from Brookhaven Lab.
The researchers’ results show that the up and down quarks affect the proton differently in terms of internal energy, spin, and various other properties. This, in turn, will help analyze future fundamental physics experiments.
The graph shows a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward an observer, with the spatial distribution of the up (left) and down (right) quark momentum inside the proton. (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
You can think of this as the study of a sack of marbles: the sack are protons and quarks are marbles loosely held in place by force acting ‘gluons’ particles. Research determines the interaction of these balls with each other.
Various Advanced analytical techniques They are used to reflect scattered light back onto the particle and calculate the change in momentum. Previously, such calculations assumed that the change in momentum would be the same, but the team’s calculations confirm otherwise.
This allows them to measure more scattering events with greater precision without increasing computing power. Then they apply more accurate results to the model to gain more insights.
“To get a detailed map, we need to analyze some scattering interactions, which involve different values of changes in the proton’s momentum,” He said Bhattacharya.
Remarkably, the interaction of the up and down quarks accounts for less than 70 percent of the spin (pocket) of the proton. This suggests that gluons play a larger role than previously thought.
One of the main technologies used is the grid Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which places quarks in a four-dimensional structure to model them precisely with a little help from a supercomputer. All possible interactions are evaluated, and then a different possibility is worked out for each.
Ultimately, the team was able to map these marble pockets with about 10 times greater accuracy than previous attempts. When doing basic physics like this, the higher resolution can make all the difference.
Scientists are still learning more about quarks and how these fundamental particles form the basis for much of what we see in the universe.
Further experiments using the new account as a basis are planned Continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF) and electron ion punch (EIC) – An experiment that will examine the basic laws of nature and matter itself. These experiments should help validate the models produced by this study.
“These two complementary things—theory and experiment—must be combined to get a complete picture of protons,” He said Physicist Joshua Miller, from Temple University.
Research published in physical examination d.
2023-08-12 13:28:57
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