University of Birmingham, UK begins development of diagnostic test for stroke biomarkers using saliva
Enter 2023.07.21 16:10 Modify 2023.07.21 09:17 Hit 18 Enter 2023.07.21 16:10 Modify 2023.07.21 09:17 Hit 18
How great would it be if a stroke could be diagnosed simply with a needle test? A research team including the University of Birmingham in the UK has set out to develop a test method that can save many lives and greatly reduce disability. [사진=게티이미지뱅크]Can acupuncture (saliva) test be used to quickly and accurately diagnose stroke, which is a life-and-death struggle?
A joint research team including the University of Birmingham School of Medicine in the UK has begun developing a biomarker test method that can quickly and accurately diagnose stroke with needles before irreversible (irreversible) brain damage occurs.
The joint research team embarked on research to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test that quickly and accurately identifies symptoms before irreversible brain damage in stroke patients, where time is critical for treatment. The Golden Hour for Stroke (GHoST) study, funded by the British Stroke Association, involves many institutions and organizations, including the University Hospital NHS (National Health Service) Trust.
The ‘golden hour’ for stroke is usually 3 hours. It can be treated with thrombolytics within 4 hours and 30 minutes at the latest. The prognosis (the course after treatment) is good when diagnosis and treatment are performed as soon as possible after symptoms appear. If this study succeeds, it is expected that a revolutionary change will occur in stroke emergency treatment.
Research results are likely to come out at the end of 2026… If successful, it will revolutionize stroke diagnosis and treatment.
If a stroke is suspected, it is very important to quickly move the patient to a hospital for diagnosis. The research team emphasized that “time loss is brain loss”. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are key to reducing a patient’s risk of death and severity of disability. Some treatments, such as thrombolytic drugs or mechanical thrombectomy (passive removal of clots), are effective only when given within a few hours of the onset of symptoms.
Ambulance personnel check a checklist of symptoms to identify a stroke while moving a patient. A global evaluation is usually done in the ultra-acute stroke ward, after which the patient is transferred to the neurology ward. This process usually takes an hour or more.
The ‘Ghost’ study, led by Professor Antonio Belli of the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Birmingham School of Medicine (Institute for Inflammation and Aging), aims to identify biomarkers in blood, urine or saliva. The research team previously confirmed that the concentration of certain molecules in saliva changes rapidly after traumatic brain injury. This supports that certain molecules can be used as biomarkers in next-generation diagnostic tests that can quickly and reliably detect stroke.
3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms is the ‘Golden Hour’… You must be able to receive treatment within 4 hours and 30 minutes at the latest
Trained paramedics take saliva, blood, and urine samples from patients suspected of having a stroke within one hour of the onset of symptoms. These samples are additionally collected after the patient arrives at the hospital and while undergoing standard clinical care.
The research team is particularly paying attention to the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in saliva. This small molecule, which is abundant in saliva, is used as a biomarker to determine whether a person has a stroke. In this study, we investigate whether there is a stroke-specific RNA (sncRNA). The research team hopes to find an RNA (sncRNA) that can distinguish a stroke from stroke-like symptoms, such as seizures and migraines, in which 30 to 40 percent of patients transferred by ambulance are hospitalized. They also plan to investigate whether the biomarkers can differentiate between the two main types of stroke, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, which require completely different treatments. Cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke) due to blood clots (blood clots) accounts for more than 80% of strokes. This requires clot-dissolving drugs or arterial thrombectomy. Bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) requires surgery on the brain itself.
For the time being, it is desirable to cope with the FAST (face, arm, speech, time) test
The research team pointed out that paramedics are only relying on the FAST test to assess whether a patient has had a stroke. In the absence of brain scan equipment, the FAST test (Cope method) is considered the best diagnostic tool. This diagnostic test allows strokes to be diagnosed sooner, allowing patients to receive appropriate treatment quickly. If a stroke is suspected, emergency services should be called immediately. The FAST test helps you recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke. FAST stands for Face, Arm, Speech, and Time. The FAST test checks whether the face has symptoms of facial paralysis, limbs are paralyzed, speech is slurred, and the time is not late.
But FAST isn’t perfect. Currently, paramedics can misdiagnose seizures and other conditions as stroke, and not all stroke patients show FAST symptoms. Therefore, acupuncture tests seem to be a huge step forward in prehospital diagnosis of stroke. It is expected to help patients go to the right hospital in the fastest time so that they can receive the correct diagnosis and treatment. If this research is successful, it can provide enormous benefits to countries that lack brain scanning equipment. The study will run for three years and results are expected by the end of 2026.
2023-07-21 07:10:19
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