Jakarta –
Protein function for the human body in general is as a protector and builder of the body. As is known, protein is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in maintaining the health and function of the human body.
According to the source, protein is divided into two, namely protein originating from animals (animal origin) and protein originating from plants (vegetable). Proteins consist of chains of amino acids that play a role in various biological processes that support life.
Quoted from the book Biology 2 by Diah Aryulina et al., animal protein is considered a perfect protein because it contains two types of amino acids, namely essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.
On the other hand, vegetable proteins such as tofu and tempeh are imperfect proteins because they contain incomplete essential amino acids.
Proteins related to the formation of cells, tissues or organs are referred to as structural proteins. Generally, this type of protein is a combination of other compounds.
For example, nucleoproteins are a combination of nucleotides and proteins found in the cell nucleus and lipoproteins or compounds between lipids and proteins found in cell membranes.
Meanwhile, proteins related to enzymes, antibodies or hormones are called functional proteins. Therefore, protein generally functions as a building and protective substance for the body.
To find out more about the function of proteins, let’s look at the following explanation.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids (polypeptides) that have various functions. Quoted from the book Molecular Biology by Triwibowo Yuwono following protein functions:
1. As a catalyst for biochemical reactions in cells
Proteins function as enzymes, which are catalysts in biochemical reactions in cells. Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions vital for metabolism and cellular function.
Reactions catalyzed by enzymes would run much faster without enzymes. Without the presence of enzymes, the biochemical reactions necessary for life would proceed too slowly.
2. As a transporter of small molecules and ions
Proteins also act as transporters, helping transport small molecules and ions across cell membranes. Examples are transport proteins such as hemoglobin which transports oxygen in the blood or cell membrane transporter proteins which regulate the movement of substances across cells.
3. Play a role in a coordinated movement system
Proteins, especially actin and myosin, have a major role in coordinated movement systems, such as muscle contraction.
In this case, proteins form the basic structure of muscle filaments and allow muscles to contract and elongate, thereby supporting body movement.
4. As a component of the immune system
Antibodies are proteins that function as the main component in the immune system. They identify and fight pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, helping to protect the body from infection and disease.
5. As a pheromone
Some proteins act as pheromones, which are chemical compounds that influence behavior or biological responses between individuals of the same species.
Pheromones can play a role in communication between members of a species, including in terms of reproduction and social interactions.
6. As a regulator of genetic expression
The processes of DNA replication, transcription and translation that take place in cells are very complex cellular processes and are regulated by various proteins.
Proteins, such as transcription factors, participate in the regulation of genetic expression. They can bind to DNA and control gene activity, influencing RNA and protein synthesis. It is important for cell differentiation and normal function of the organism.
7. As a transmitter of impulses in nerves
Proteins in the nervous system, such as ion channels and neurotransmitters, play a role in the transmission of nerve impulses. They help convey electrical and chemical signals from one nerve cell to another, enabling efficient communication within the nervous system.
8. As a supporting component for tensile strength
Structural proteins, such as collagen in connective tissue, act as components supporting tensile strength and elasticity in various body structures. They provide structural support for skin, bones, tendons, and other body organs.
Watch the Video “3 Provinces with the Highest and Lowest Daily Consumption of Eggs and Milk”
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2023-12-26 00:00:25
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