Understanding Orthorexia: The Rise of an Obsession with Healthy Eating
In a world where healthy eating is often praised and encouraged, it can be difficult to recognize when a preference for nutritious food turns into an unhealthy obsession. This is the case with orthorexia, an eating disorder that is not officially recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, clinicians are witnessing a rise in orthorexia among patients, highlighting the need for greater awareness and understanding of this condition.
Jason Wood, who has been battling orthorexia for the past 20 years, vividly recalls a moment during a vacation when he felt angry and upset because he couldn’t substitute pita bread for fresh vegetables in his hummus plate. For Wood, this seemingly insignificant incident was the culmination of years of anxiety and stress associated with his eating disorder. Orthorexia is characterized by an obsession with eating “clean,” as defined by strict rules set by individuals based on their own context and beliefs.
According to therapist Jennifer Rollin, founder of The Eating Disorder Center in Rockville, Maryland, orthorexia often goes unnoticed or underestimated because it is hyperfocused on healthy eating. Friends and family may even applaud these efforts, unaware of the detrimental effects it has on the individual’s well-being. Wood’s loved ones failed to recognize the severity of his condition as he withdrew from social interactions and lost a significant amount of weight.
Orthorexia shares similarities with other eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. It can morph into these disorders if left untreated. The motivations behind orthorexia may be disguised as health promotion or disease prevention, but they often stem from societal pressures and the pursuit of an ideal body shape and size. Dr. Jennifer Gaudiani, an eating disorder physician and founder of the Gaudiani Clinic in Denver, warns that orthorexia can be a proxy for traditional diet culture, which can be detrimental to one’s mental and physical health.
Defining what is considered healthy eating is another challenge. The definition of healthy has evolved over time, with different trends and fads dominating the conversation. In the 1990s, low-fat diets were considered healthy, whereas now, high-protein, high-fat, low-carb, and low-sugar foods are often prioritized. Some individuals focus on the sourcing of their food, opting for organic, non-genetically modified, and locally sourced options. However, the problem arises when these preferences become rigid rules that limit food choices and cause anxiety.
Dr. Rollin emphasizes the importance of individuality when it comes to healthy eating. Each person’s needs and context are unique, making it essential to listen to one’s body rather than adhering to strict guidelines. Wood adds that a healthy life encompasses more than just nutrition. It includes maintaining social relationships, pursuing passions, engaging in enjoyable physical activity, and finding peace of mind. Orthorexia can isolate individuals from their peers and hinder their ability to live a balanced and connected life.
For those seeking help for orthorexia, treatment follows a similar path to established plans for other eating disorders. However, the lack of awareness surrounding orthorexia poses challenges. Finding a therapist with experience in treating orthorexia is crucial. The recovery process may involve working with a team of therapists and dietitians to unpack and reframe one’s definition of health. It also requires educating friends and family members about the harmful effects of discussing “healthy” or “unhealthy” foods.
Compassion, both from oneself and others, is essential during the recovery journey. Gaudiani emphasizes that individuals do not develop orthorexia for fun or by accident; societal pressures and a desire for perceived health benefits often drive them towards this unhealthy obsession. Although recovery may be difficult, it is ultimately rewarding. Wood, who has been in recovery for almost four years, expresses his joy at being able to redirect the time and energy he once spent on food towards other aspects of his life.
Orthorexia is a complex and often misunderstood eating disorder. As the prevalence of this condition increases, it is crucial to raise awareness and foster a greater understanding of its impact on individuals’ lives. Recognizing the fine line between healthy eating and an unhealthy obsession is the first step towards supporting those affected by orthorexia and helping them regain control over their lives.
