Interstitial pneumonia is an inflammatory respiratory condition that can become complicated if not treated properly. In severe cases, even a lung transplant may be necessary.
What are the signs of interstitial pneumonia?
The main sign of diffuse interstitial pneumonia is shortness of breath or dyspnea on exertion. This symptom worsens over time, with many patients contacting the doctor after 2-4 months.
However, it should be noted that interstitial pneumonia is not the only disease that causes dyspnea on exertion. Other conditions that can manifest similarly are pulmonary emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or various heart diseases.
Also, interstitial pneumonia symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Other signs that may accompany dyspnea in interstitial pneumonia are:
What are the causes of interstitial pneumonia?
Interstitial pneumonia can have a variety of causes, from viral or bacterial infections to exposure to toxic substances or allergens. Common causes include:
Respiratory infections – influenza virus, adenovirus or bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria, Legionella can cause inflammation of the interstitial tissues. Exposure to toxic substances – inhaling certain chemicals or harmful particles (dust, cigarette smoke, silicon, asbestos, talc, etc.) can irritate the lungs and lead to inflammation. Autoimmune diseases – conditions such as lupus or scleroderma can cause the immune system to attack healthy lung tissue. Medicines – certain medicines, such as chemotherapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause side effects in the lungs. Genetic factors – some forms of interstitial pneumonia may have a genetic component.
Investigations for the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia
Anyone suspected of having interstitial pneumonia should be examined by a pulmonologist, who may recommend certain investigations to establish the diagnosis. These may consist of:
Lung x-ray Spirometry (measurement of breathing capacity) Complex respiratory function tests (measurement of alveolar-capillary diffusion) Measurement of blood oxygen saturation Chest CT Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage Blood tests Lung biopsy
How is interstitial pneumonia treated?
Treatment for interstitial pneumonia depends on the cause and severity of the condition. These options may include:
Immunosuppressive drugs: These can be prescribed in cases where the condition is related to autoimmune reactions (eg: corticosteroids with prednisone and/or other immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etc.). Treating the underlying cause: If interstitial pneumonia is caused by an infection or exposure to toxic substances, treating the underlying cause is essential (eg antibiotics or antivirals, in the case of a bacterial or viral infection). Antifibrotic drugs (pirfenidone, nintedanib): These are indicated in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, corticosteroids being not recommended. Long-term oxygen therapy: Some forms of interstitial pneumonia can be complicated by respiratory failure (decreased oxygen in the blood), which is why patients need oxygen therapy. Physical therapy: Breathing exercises and physical therapy can help maintain lung health and improve breathing capacity. Lung transplant: This may be necessary when the patient with interstitial pneumonia develops pulmonary fibrosis that gets progressively worse and does not respond to other forms of treatment.
In conclusion, interstitial pneumonia is a serious respiratory condition and early diagnosis and treatment are essential. If you experience symptoms such as shortness of breath on exertion, a persistent cough, or chest pain, see a doctor to determine the cause for sure. Appropriate treatment can help relieve symptoms and maintain lung health.
Sources:
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
Interstitial Lung Disease: Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pathology of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
2023-08-21 06:46:46
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