Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a disease that has problems with controlling blood sugar levels. causes blood sugar levels to be higher than normal Nowadays, there are many ways to diagnose diabetes, for example, checking blood sugar levels after fasting for at least 8 hours. If it exceeds 126 mg per 100 cc or 126 mg% 2 times, it is considered. already diabetic
But doctors can detect diabetes by testing for HbA1C. Or whose full name is Hemoglobin A1c (Hemoglobin A1C), which is simply translated as accumulation of sugar. Nowadays, doctors prefer to use HbA1C rather than finding blood sugar levels. Because some patients do not have proper behaviors about eating. But when it’s close to going to the doctor to control or starve Causing the blood sugar level to be lower than normal for that patient The HbA1C test measures the accumulated sugar levels in the past 3 months, so even if the blood sugar looks good, if the HbA1C level is high, it indicates that the patient has not dieted well in the past 3 months.
Sugar (glucose) in the blood comes from food. The body’s cells need sugar for energy, insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Helps bring sugar into the cells. But in the case of diabetes The pancreas may not produce enough insulin, or the body has insulin resistance, so blood sugar levels rise above normal.
What is HbA1C? Glucose attaches to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. When blood sugar rises, more sugar binds to hemoglobin. Therefore, detecting HbA1C or A1C levels is to check the percentage of red blood cells that have sugar covered with hemoglobin. A1C is to check blood sugar levels in the past 3 months because sugar always binds to hemoglobin. life of red blood cells and red blood cells have a lifespan of about 3 months.
Other names for HbA1C are glycol haemoglobin or glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin.
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (prediabetes) and diabetes from the American Diabetic Association (ADA) guideline 2023 are:
Who should be screened for “foreign” diabetes and diabetes when they don’t have symptoms?
1) People who are overweight or obese (BMI > 25 or > 23 in Asians) and have at least one of the following risk factors should be examined.
1.1) Being a relative of a diabetic patient
1.2) People with high risk of race such as African-American
1.3) People with a history of vascular disease (CVD-cardiovascular disease)
1.4) People with high blood pressure (130/80 mm Hg or those receiving treatment for hypertension)
1.5) HDL fat less than 35 mg% and/or triglyceride more than 250 mg%
1.6) People with polycystic ovary syndrome
1.7) People who do not exercise
1.8) People with diseases related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, acanthosis nigricans
2) Persons with “considerable” diabetes (A1C 5.7% or higher should be checked every year)
3) People with gestational diabetes, every 3 years for life.
4) Others should be examined at the age of 35 and every 3 years.
5) If the result is normal, it should be checked every 3 years.
6) people with HIV
Screening for diabetes and diabetes in asymptomatic children
For children who are overweight (greater than the 85th percentile) or obese (greater than the 95th percentile) with one or more of the following risks:
1) Mother is diabetic. Or was it when she was pregnant with this child?
2) family history of diabetes Both direct relatives and 2nd degree (grandparents, uncles, aunts, uncles, grandchildren)
3) People with insulin resistance, such as those with acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, poly cystic ovary syndrome, or being born too small for gestational age.
Next time I will talk about prevention and treatment.
Dr Pinit Kullawanich
2023-08-05 19:00:00
#Womens #Column #Blood #Sugar #HbA1C
