Macassar – Anopheles may still be foreign to detikers’ ears as the name of the mosquito that carries Malaria. So, what exactly is Anopheles?
Malaria and anopheles cannot be separated from one another. This is because the Anopheles mosquito is a vector or carrier of the disease.
Malaria is one of the diseases which is the highest cause of death in the world. Quoting the Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) website, around 229 million cases of malaria infection occurred and spread around the world in 2019 with an average of 400 thousand infected people dying.
Nah, detikSulsel has summarized information from various sources regarding the anopheles mosquito and the malaria it carries. Check out the full explanation!
What is Anopheles and its relation to Malaria?
Quoting the research journal of the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) entitled Study of the Genetic Diversity of Anopheles barbirostris and A. vagus Mosquitoes in Two Malaria Endemic Areas in West Java, it was stated that Anopheles is a genus of mosquitoes. The Anopheles genus has approximately 300 species in the world and more than 60 species of which are malaria vectors.
The number of types of anopheles in Indonesia is very large, although not all of them act as vectors of malaria through plasmodium. Anopheles found in Indonesia, for example Anopheles sundaicus in coastal areas, Anopheles aconitus in rice fields, Anopheles balabacensis in forest areas, Anopheles maculatus in mountainous areas (above 800 meters), Anopheles subpictus from coastal areas to the mountains.
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, malaria is caused by a parasite called plasmodium. This parasite is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito.
Therefore, malaria itself is most common in the tropics and subtropics. Where anopheles mosquitoes can breed well, so can plasmodium parasites. Indonesia’s humid conditions and high rainfall are supporting factors.
Anopheles mosquitoes deposit their eggs in water, then the eggs turn into larvae and grow into adult mosquitoes. During this process, female mosquitoes will look for blood as food to take care of their eggs.
They will usually be active looking for “food” in the evening until dawn and in the process can transmit the plasmodium parasite to humans. The transmission process from mosquitoes also depends on weather and climate.
Usually, the most numerous mosquito breeding points occur during and just after the rainy season. In addition, densely populated areas (little space) will increase the likelihood of malaria outbreaks.
Characteristics of the Female Anopheles Mosquito
When perched or biting, the body protrudes (forms an angle) Usually bites at night, inside or outside the house. After biting/sucking blood, mosquitoes rest on walls in dark, damp houses, under tables, on beds, in under or behind cupboards. Resting areas outside the home, namely bushes, cliffs, ditches and around cattle pens
Symptoms of Malaria
When transmission has occurred, detikers need to recognize the symptoms that are usually caused by this malaria, including:
Lethargic/weak Shivering from the cold but high body temperature Cold sweat, accompanied by a drop in temperature Headache, nausea and vomiting Decreased appetite
Types of Malaria
detikers also need to know the types of Malaria that can attack humans, as follows:
1. Malaria Tropika
Caused by Plasmodium falciparum which often causes severe malaria or fatal cerebral malaria. The attack symptoms occur intermittently every two days (48 hours).
2. Tertian malaria
Caused by Plasmodium vivax. The symptoms of the attack occur every 3 days.
3. Quartana malaria
Caused by Plasmodium malariae. The attack symptoms occur intermittently every 4 days.
4. Malaria Ovale
Caused by Plasmodium ovale. The symptoms are almost like quartana malaria. This species is rarely found in Indonesia, but is common in Africa and the West Pacific.
How to Prevent Malaria
To prevent exposure to this deadly disease, detikers can take the following preventive steps.
1. Avoid Malaria-Transmitting Mosquito (Anopheles) Bites
This can be done by:
Use mosquito nets while sleeping or wear long clothes Rub the body/body with citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, or topical mosquito repellent Spray mosquito repellent before going to bed in bedrooms, living rooms and living rooms Use mosquito coils Put mosquito netting on windows and ventilation holes house Placing cattle pens separate from the residence
2. Controlling Anopheles Mosquito Density
This can be done by:
Clean the home environment from lush bushes, so that the sun can shine in. Clean the ditches and gutters so that there are no stagnant water, or the water flow remains heavy. or intermittently (paddy-rice-paddy) Scatter larvae-eating fish, tilapia and tilapia in potential puddles or untreated ponds
So, that’s a bit of information regarding Anopheles mosquitoes and various Malaria diseases that are related to each other. Hopefully this is useful, detikers!
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2023-07-13 16:00:04
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