The Ukrainian Refugee Exodus: A Look at Return and Reintegration
The ongoing war in Ukraine has triggered a massive humanitarian crisis, forcing millions to flee their homes.While many have found refuge in European countries, the question of their eventual return remains a complex issue with significant implications for both Ukraine and its neighbors. Experts are now analyzing the factors influencing the decision of Ukrainian refugees to return home, and the challenges involved in their reintegration.
According to Dr. Lyudmila Cherenko, a Doctor of Economic Sciences, the decision to return is multifaceted. She notes that many vulnerable groups—mothers with children and the elderly—found it easier to survive in Europe due to better social support systems and higher benefits. “Firstly, our citizens who fled the war are still treated quite loyally,” Cherenko explains. “And in the receiving countries they have not yet set sufficiently strict conditions for employment or working certain hours to receive free housing and social benefits. But this is all temporary. this is when it will end.”
Cherenko acknowledges that European nations have a vested interest in retaining Ukrainian workers, at least temporarily. However,the long-term financial sustainability of supporting such large numbers of refugees is questionable. She also points out that highly skilled Ukrainians who held successful careers before the war are frequently enough forced into low-skilled jobs in the EU, potentially incentivizing their return.
Another factor influencing the decision to return is the perception of risk. “Some Ukrainians who left in the first days of the war perceive risks differently,” Cherenko observes.”Here people are accustomed to danger, while abroad every news about shelling causes shock, and if Ukraine is relatively safe, some of them will return.” She further emphasizes the economic realities: “Firstly, in our state there are no such funds so that we can compete with Germany. This is ridiculous, we cannot compete for people with money. Secondly, it will be unfair to those people who survived the war here: to give only some large sums so that they would come and stay, but for those who lived here under shelling and created GDP – no, this cannot be.”
Cherenko suggests that targeted business support programs, benefiting both returning refugees and Ukrainians who remained, could be a more effective strategy than simply offering financial incentives. She adds,”But I watch my friends and see: those who really wanted to return have already returned. And actually, many people have already returned.”
A Pilot Program for Return
A joint Ukrainian-German pilot program is slated to begin in early 2025 to facilitate the return of Ukrainian refugees. This initiative, announced by Alexander Kamyshin, Advisor to the President of Ukraine, represents a significant step towards addressing the complex challenges of reintegration.
The situation of Ukrainian refugees highlights the global impact of conflict and the intricate challenges of managing large-scale displacement. the success of repatriation efforts will depend on a multifaceted approach that addresses economic, social, and psychological needs, ensuring a smooth transition for those choosing to return home.
