Measles cases in the UK are at risk of spreading rapidly unless there is an increase in vaccination rates, according to the UK Health Security Agency. In response to this warning, pop-up clinics are being set up to ensure that more children receive the necessary vaccinations. This urgent “call to action” has been issued across the UK to combat the potential outbreak.
Measles is a highly contagious disease that is primarily spread through coughs and sneezes. While it typically clears up within 7 to 10 days, it can lead to severe complications if it infects other parts of the body, such as the lungs or brain. Pneumonia, meningitis, blindness, and seizures are some of the potential complications that can arise from measles. Certain groups, including babies, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems, are more susceptible to the disease.
The rise in measles cases can be attributed to the fact that a significant number of young primary school children have not received the MMR vaccine, which is highly effective against measles, mumps, and rubella. The World Health Organization recommends a vaccination rate of 95%, but currently, only 85% of children in the UK have received two doses of the MMR vaccine by the age of five. This is the lowest level since 2010-11.
The West Midlands, particularly Birmingham, has experienced the highest number of measles cases in recent months, with over 200 reported cases. There have also been smaller outbreaks in parts of London, where only 74% of five-year-olds have received two doses of the MMR vaccine. In some areas, such as Hackney, nearly half of the children are not fully vaccinated. Additionally, there are small clusters of cases in other regions of the country.
In 2023, there were 1,603 suspected cases of measles in England and Wales, a significant increase from 735 cases in 2022 and 360 cases in 2021. These rising numbers are cause for concern and have prompted the UK Health Security Agency to issue a warning of further outbreaks if vaccination rates do not improve.
Recognizing the importance of early detection and prevention, it is crucial to be aware of the symptoms of measles. Common symptoms include high fever, sore and watery eyes, coughing, sneezing, and a general feeling of being unwell. Small white spots may appear inside the mouth, followed by a blotchy red or brown rash that typically starts on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body. It is important to note that the rash may be harder to detect on individuals with brown or black skin.
Measles is primarily spread through tiny droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can be contracted by breathing in these droplets or by touching them and subsequently placing your hand near your nose or mouth. Infected individuals remain contagious for at least four days after the rash appears.
To combat the spread of measles, it is essential to ensure that individuals receive the necessary vaccinations. Parents are advised to contact their GP surgery to book vaccinations for their children or to inquire about missed vaccinations for themselves. Pop-up clinics are also being set up at some schools to facilitate easier access to vaccines. The MMR vaccine is typically administered in two doses, with the first dose given at 12 months and the second at around three years and four months, before children start school. This vaccination significantly reduces the risk of contracting measles and spreading it to others. It is important to note that individuals of any age can catch up on missed vaccinations.
The MMR vaccine is generally safe, with most side effects being mild and short-lived. The injection site may be red, sore, and swollen for a few days, and babies and young children may experience a high temperature for up to 72 hours. It is crucial to emphasize that there is no evidence linking the MMR vaccine to autism. The claims made by researcher Andrew Wakefield in 1998 suggesting a connection between the two have been discredited, and Wakefield was subsequently struck off by the General Medical Council in 2010. It is important to address any concerns or misconceptions surrounding the vaccine and encourage individuals to prioritize their health and the health of their communities by getting vaccinated.
If an individual does contract measles, the NHS advises taking paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve fever, aches, and pains. Resting and staying hydrated are also essential. Regular handwashing with soap and cleaning the eyes with damp cotton wool are recommended hygiene practices. Used tissues and cotton wool should be disposed of properly. In severe cases where shortness of breath, persistent high temperature, coughing up blood, drowsiness or confusion, or seizures occur, it is crucial to seek urgent medical attention.
The recent increase in measles cases serves as a reminder of the importance of vaccination and the role it plays in protecting individuals and communities from preventable
