Types of Soil in Indonesia, Their Characteristics, and Distribution

Alluvial soil

One of the types of soil in Indonesia is alluvial soil. Alluvial soil is soil derived from silt sediment carried by river water. This soil is the result of erosion which is then deposited along with river mud. Alluvial soil has a gray color and is fertile.

Generally, alluvial soils are found in lowland areas. In Indonesia, alluvial soils are found in the eastern part of Sumatra, northern part of Java, southern and central Kalimantan, northern and southern parts of Papua.

Organosol Soil (Peat Soil)

Organosol soil is a type of soil in Indonesia which is also often known as peat soil. This soil is formed from the weathering process of organic materials, such as from the remains of decaying swamp plants. Decomposition of organic matter that occurs in plants that are less than perfect because they are always waterlogged.

Decomposition that occurs less than perfect makes peat soils tend to be acidic to very acidic. In addition, because it is always flooded, this type of peat soil is not good for agriculture. Peat soils are abundant in tidal areas, such as in western Papua, West Kalimantan, eastern Sumatra, Java, the west coast of Sumatra, and the coast of East Kalimantan.

Inseptisol soil

Inceptisol soils are formed from sedimentary or metamorphic rocks with slightly brownish and blackish colors and a slightly grayish mixture. These types of soil can also support the formation of beautiful forests. The characteristics of this soil is the presence of a cambic horizon, where this horizon is less than 25% of the next horizon so it is very unique.

This land is suitable for plantations such as oil palm plantations. As well as for various other plantation lands such as rubber. Inceptisol soils are spread in various regions in Indonesia such as in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua.

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