Madrid, April 11 (EFE). Ephemeris for Wednesday, April 12, 2023.
International Day of Human Spaceflight, International Day of Street Children
1752.- Royal decree establishing the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts.
1814.- The so-called “Manifesto of the Persians” is signed, a document presented to Fernando VII by deputies who disagree with what was legislated by the Cortes of Cádiz.
1861.- The Civil War begins between the northern and southern states of the North American Union.
1904.- Antonio Maura, president of the Council of Ministers, suffers an attack with a knife in Barcelona from which he is slightly injured.
1928.- King Víctor Manuel III, escapes unharmed from an attack at the inauguration of the Trade Fair, in Milan (Italy).
1931.- The Republican-Socialist coalition wins the municipal elections in Spain in the big cities.
1944.- New York premiere of the complete version of “El amor brujo”, by Manuel de Falla.
1946.- Creation in Spain of the Mutual Beneficial Sports Betting Board.
1950.- Prince Rainier ascends to the throne of Monaco.
1954.- Bill Haley and his Comets record Rock Around the Clock, one of the most important songs in the history of rock and roll.
1955.- Great victory against polio: it is reported that the Salk vaccine is effective in 80 percent of cases.
1961.- The Soviet Yuri Gagarin makes a flight of 1 hour and 48′ aboard the Vostok I ship outside the Earth’s atmosphere, the first human being to carry it out.
1962.- The Spanish Courts approve the nationalization of the Bank of Spain.
1985.- 18 people die and 82 are injured in an attack against the restaurant “El Descanso”, on the outskirts of Madrid, which is attributed to Islamic Jihad.
1991.- The Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts is awarded to opera singers Alfredo Kraus, Teresa Berganza, José Carreras, Pilar Lorengar, Victoria de los Angeles, Montserrat Caballé and Plácido Domingo.
1992.- Reinauguration, one hundred years after its foundation, of the Atocha railway station, in Madrid.
1993.- The Madrid student Anabel Segura is kidnapped in Madrid and murdered a few hours later. Her body was found on September 29, 1995.
1999.- British architect Norman Foster wins the Pritzker Architecture Prize.
.- The President of the United States Bill Clinton is summoned by the Supreme Court for false testimony in the scandal of his sexual relations with the Mónica Lewinsky scholar.
2001.- Yuri’s night is celebrated for the first time in commemoration of the first person, Yuri Gagarin, to travel into space.
2003.- Hungary approves its entry into the European Union in a referendum.
2019.- The International Criminal Court refuses to authorize the investigation requested by the Prosecutor’s Office to examine alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Afghanistan by US troops, the Taliban and the country’s authorities.
2022.- British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Economy Minister Rishi Sunak are fined by police for partying on Downing Street during the pandemic lockdown.
BIRTHS
———————
1539.- Garcilaso de la Vega, “El Inca”, historian and Spanish soldier, born in Cuzco.
1908.- Carlos Lleras Restrepo, former president of Colombia.
1924.- Raymond Barre, express minister French.
1933.- Montserrat Caballé, Spanish lyric singer.
1942.- Carlos Reutemann, former rally driver and Argentine politician.
1946.- George Robertson, British politician and former Secretary General of NATO.
1947.- Tom Clancy, American writer.
1950.- Flavio Briatore, former Italian director of the Renault Formula One team.
1956.- Andy García, American actor.
1962.- Carlos Sainz, Spanish rally driver.
1977.- Gemma Mengual, Spanish synchronized swimmer.
1979.- Claire Danes, American actress.
DEATHS
———————-
1555.- Juana de Castilla, daughter of the Catholic Monarchs and mother of Carlos I.
1782.- Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and musician.
1929.- Enrico Ferri, Italian writer and politician.
1938.- Serafín Álvarez Quintero, Spanish playwright.
[1945-FranklinDRooseveltfourtimespresidentoftheUnitedStates
1975.- Josephine Baker, American singer and dancer.
1981.- Joe Louis, American boxer, world champion.
1989.- Ray Sugar Robinson, American boxer.
2004.- Juan Valderrama Blanca, “Juanito Valderrama”, Spanish singer.
2017.- Michael Ballhaus, German cinematographer.
2018.- Sergio Pitol, Mexican writer.
2020.- Carlos Seco Serrano, Spanish historian.
EFE
Doc/lml
