When there is a cerebral hemorrhage, blood vessels inside the skull are injured. The causes of cerebral hemorrhage are different. For example, a blood vessel in the brain may be damaged or a torn brain aneurysm may be responsible for the bleeding. With a brain aneurysm or a ruptured artery, blood leaks into the fluid-filled space that surrounds the brain. The bleeding increases pressure on the brain so that brain regions are damaged. A cerebral haemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires immediate hospital treatment. If left untreated, the cerebral hemorrhage can lead to death. The consequences of a cerebral haemorrhage can result in symptoms such as impaired vision, speech, movement or sensation.
You recognize such a cerebral hemorrhage
- rapid severe headache,
- frequent loss of consciousness,
- Cardiac arrhythmias,
- and respiratory failure.
If a cerebral artery bleeds directly into the brain tissue, it is a bleeding-related stroke. The escaping blood presses on the tissue and clamps off other blood vessels. Surrounding brain tissue can die. Cerebral hemorrhage can also occur between the meninges and the skull bones. In the event of a fall, for example, the cobweb skin (arachnoids) or the hard meninges (dura) can be injured. A bleeding artery that supplies the meninges can bleed between the cranial bones and the hard meninges.
Different Types of Cerebral Hemorrhage: Physical Signs
There are different types of bleeding depending on the location of the bleeding in the skull.
- Intracerebral haemorrhage: Bleeding in the brain tissue
- Epidural bleeding, subdural bleeding: Under or between the hard meninges
- Subarachnoidalblutung: Bleeding between the soft meninges and the spider web skin
Signs of intracerebral haemorrhage
The most common trigger is high blood pressure that has existed over the years, caused by medication, excessive alcohol consumption or smoking. This leads to damage to the blood vessels. The result: the vessel can rupture spontaneously and cause cerebral haemorrhage. An intracerebral haemorrhage can be recognized by the following symptoms:
- Hemiplegia
- Speech disorders
- Visual disturbances
- headache
- dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Incoordination
- Difficulty breathing
Signs of epidural and subdural bleeding
If epidural and subdrural hemorrhage occurs, it usually occurs as a result of a traumatic brain injury, which is usually caused by an accident. Most often, multiple forms of bleeding occur as part of a traumatic brain injury.
Signs of epidural and subdural bleeding:
The patient is immediately passed out after the accident, then wakes up and loses consciousness again. Other physical signs of epidural bleeding include:
- Severe headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Half-sided paralysis
If there is subdural bleeding, the affected person will also be drowsy after the head injury. Other signs are
- nausea
- Vomit
- headache
- Paralysis
- Decreased awareness
- Dilated pupils and impaired light reflection
Signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be traumatic and non-traumatic. The former is caused by a traumatic brain injury, the latter is mostly due to a ruptured aneurysm. Other reasons can be vascular inflammation, tumors or drug use.
Signs are:
- Sudden onset of extreme headache
- Severe neck pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Clouded consciousness
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