[News Report]Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world and the seventh among the top ten most common cancers among women in Hong Kong. In fact, HPV infection is very common, and about 50% to 60% of people will have the opportunity to be infected in their lifetime. Surveys in Hong Kong show that the infection rate is about 10% to 15%.There are different opinions about HPV in society. Some say that women are more likely to suffer from HPV than men. What are the facts? Are the small bumps on the body warts or acne? Should we pay attention? Will you be infected with HPV if you take a hot spring sauna?Professor and Vice-Dean of the School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Lai-yee Wong, was a guest on the news to dispel myths about HPV.
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Cancer develops 5-10 years after infection!Early detection by Pap smear or self-collection
Huang Liyi said that in fact, a long time ago, when doctors checked a woman’s cervix for cancer, they would check whether there were any lesions or changes in her cells. Until the 1970s, German scientist Harald Hausen discovered that 99% of cervical cancers were related to a genetic virus. This genetic virus only exists in humans and causes human cells to function abnormally. It becomes larger, so it is called Human Papilloma Virus (Human Papilloma Virus), or HPV for short.After being infected with this virus, it will turn into cancer in 5 to 10 years.After the relationship between HPV and cancer was discovered, it began to affect the entire medical service, that is, early detection and early detection.
Nowadays, in addition to looking at cells with Pap smears (Pap smears), doctors will also take some cells to see if they are infected with the HPV virus as a preliminary check. WHO pointed out,Regular cervical screening and vaccination can reduce cervical cancer by 90%.However, in reality, only 30% of women in Hong Kong are used to screening. Most women feel that they do not need it, or do not see signs of cancer, feel that their risk factors are not high, or do not have time to do it, feel that the smear test is embarrassing, are afraid of pain, etc.
Huang Liyi said,In addition to Pap smears, many countries have now begun to introduce HPV self-testing, which can be done at home. After the test is completed, just put it back in the package and send it to the laboratory, which is convenient and not embarrassing. Many studies have shown that self-testing is more accurate and sensitive than Pap smear in detecting precancerous lesions.Self-examination kits can be purchased from family doctors, gynecologists and some pharmacies in Hong Kong.
How to obtain HPV self-test kits.
Is there a chance that swimming, steaming and sauna will be a “trick”?HPVInfection is gender-neutral24to25High infection rate
In fact, HPV infection is very common, and about 50% to 60% of people will have the opportunity to be infected in their lifetime. Surveys show that the infection rate in Hong Kong is about 10% to 15%. Huang Liyi pointed out that there are three ways of HPV infection, including the most common sexual transmission, direct contact with the skin and mucous membrane of an infected person, and indirect contact. Indirect contact, that is, contact with towels, chairs, toilets, etc. that the infected person may have used.
There are three main ways to become infected with the HPV virus.
Can I get infected by swimming or taking a sauna?Huang Liyi pointed out that under regular disinfection, the HPV virus in hot spring water and swimming pools has been greatly reduced, its activity has also been reduced, and the chance of infection is very low. Will I get infected if I step on the carpet with bare feet in a hotel while traveling? Firstly, it depends on whether the carpet has been disinfected, and secondly, whether an infected person has used the carpet with bare feet. If there are wounds, it is more likely to be infected.
Since sexual behavior is the main route of transmission,Some high-risk HPV viruses can cause sexual organ cancer, and some low-risk HPV viruses can cause sexually transmitted diseases., such as the so-called “cauliflower” or warts on the sexual organs. Huang Liyi pointed out that the infection rate is particularly high in the age group of 24 to 25 years old, which may be because they are in a more sexually active stage. In addition, risk studies show that those who take birth control pills for more than 5 years, smoke, have multiple sexual partners or have sex too early, etc., have a higher risk of infection. Huang Liyi mentioned that smoking has many harmful effects on the body and will reduce the ability of the immune system. Research shows that chronic diseases and the number of illnesses will also reduce the ability of the immune system and increase the chance of being infected with HPV.
HPV infection does not distinguish between genders. Regarding the social statement that women are more likely to contract HPV than men, Huang Liyi pointed out that the opposite is true. In fact,The HPV infection rate is higher in men than in women, and men infect women 5 times more often than women infect men.. Huang Liyi called on both men and women to get tested regularly.
HPVViruses as many as200kindWhat should I do if I get “recruited”?
HPV is not a single virus, but a group of viruses, and each virus has a number.So far, scientists have discovered more than 200 types of HPV viruses. Among them, 14 types are related to cancer, including HPV16, HPV18, HPV45, etc., so they are called high-risk HPV viruses. Some low-risk HPV viruses are not related to cancer, but they can cause warts on the skin.
14 high-risk HPV viruses.
Huang Liyi said,All warts are caused by the HPV virus. Since warts are contagious, depending on a person’s immune system, their number can increase over time and their spread will become wider. Therefore, you should be careful even if you have a wart.Huang Liyi mentioned that the number of warts is relatively large and the area is becoming more and more widespread, which is a reminder from the body to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Some people mistakenly think that they have some discharge, acne, etc., and cannot distinguish the difference from warts. In the middle of acne or oil particles, there will be particles that look like yellow and oily stuff. However, warts do not have it, and the shape is more like flesh particles. They are small but numerous. Some are itchy and some are painful. They usually appear on the face, neck, chest, and Arms, soles of feet, thighs and other parts. However, cancer has no symptoms. Once symptoms of cancer appear, such as swelling, abnormal excretion, and smelly organs, it is often too late.
What should I do if I test positive? Huang Liyi pointed out,Even if you are “infected” with high-risk HPV viruses, there is no need to worry. Usually people with normal immune systems will clear up on their own within six months. However, if the immune system is low, there are chronic diseases, or the body is sensitive, people with persistent infections are more likely to develop cell lesions.See the doctor again after the half-year observation period. If the test is still positive, a cell test will be done. If any cell abnormalities are seen, the doctor will usually immediately use freezing or laser treatment to eliminate the local cells.
After infection with HPV virus, the pathological process of infected cells.
The Department of Health will start to promote “113” (Prab’s smear) in 2023.That is, if the first cervical smear test result is normal, a second test will be performed one year later. If the results of the second test are also normal, check again every 3 years. If there is anything abnormal, you should get tested every year or even every six months.If you choose HPV self-testing, it is “115”.That is, after the test results are normal for two consecutive years, the test can be performed every five years.
Wong Lai-yee mentioned that cervical cancer in Hong Kong is increasing at a rate of 1% every year, but the screening coverage rate is declining every year. She called on the public to change the idea of ”seeking medical treatment if you are sick, and ignoring it if you are not sick”, and to get early examination, early detection and early treatment.
Huang Liyi encouraged citizens to actively do HPV testing and seek early detection, early detection and early treatment.
(Camera crew: Dian News reporters Su Ting, Ren Qing, Lu Ming/Written by: Dian News reporters Jiugao)
[Fat Hu Doctor Chat]
Dian News launches a new medical and health information program “Fat Hu Doctor Talk”. Professor Wu Dingxu, former chairman of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority, is specially invited to be the guest host. In each episode, well-known experts and doctors in the industry are invited to discuss the health hotspots and difficulties that the public is concerned about, focusing on common diseases. , high incidence, carry out professional and authoritative health science popularization.
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