2023-07-09 14:20 Last Updated: 14:46
According to the statistics of the US Immigration Service, in 2022, the US government approved about 440,000 H-1B visas specially issued to foreign professional and technical personnel, of which 320,000 (72.6%) were given to Indians. Over the years, thousands of Indians have just completed higher education in the country, turned around and applied for H-1B visas to immigrate to the United States non-stop. While the world marvels at the Indian Institute of Technology, the Indian Institute of Management and other top Indian universities that have cultivated a large number of world-class technology and management talents, many people have also noticed that this country also has the largest illiterate group in the world. According to a UNESCO report, more than 20% (287 million) of India’s population is still uneducated, accounting for about 37% of the global total.
A large number of Indian elites went to the United States for development.online pictures
Chen Jinying, a professor at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs at Shanghai International Studies University and executive director of the India Research Center, analyzed that the above-mentioned phenomenon is the manifestation of the two sides of one body in the current development of India in the field of human resources. She said that in fact, people can see the existence of “two Indias” in all aspects of economic and social development, which is also the reason for the serious loss of Indian elites.
In the industrial field, on the one hand, India is one of the few countries in the world that has its own satellite navigation system and can develop its own reusable space vehicle; on the other hand, there are almost no local mobile phone brands in the Indian market, and the home appliance industry The high-end market is full of international brands such as Samsung, LG, Panasonic, and Hitachi. In the eight years from Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s proposal of “Made in India” in 2014 to 2021, except for 2015, the average annual growth rate of India’s manufacturing industry was less than 10%, and the proportion of manufacturing in industry has dropped to 14%.
In terms of wealth ownership, India contributes the third largest number of billionaires in the world, and it also has the largest number of poor people in the world. More than 200 million Indians are in extreme poverty. The mansion of Mukesh Ambani, once the richest man in India and Reliance Industries Group, and Dharavi, the largest slum in Asia, are both in the center of Mumbai.
In the field of social development, on the one hand, India is characterized by diversity and tolerance due to its diversity in religion, race, and language. Modernization and urbanization have also brought about rapid social mobility. Traditional community identities are no longer the most important thing for Indians. An important identity attribute; on the other hand, the proportion of Indians who marry across religions and castes is very low. In India, only 5.8% of marriages are inter-caste and 2% are inter-religious, and these ratios have remained almost constant over the past 40+ years. The media is still awash with reports of interfamilial violence punishing couples in interfaith and intercaste marriages. While Modi and his senior government officials emphasized on different occasions that India is respected in the international arena and that India wants to become the leader of the global south, riots broke out in Manipur in northeastern India for two months. People were killed in the violence and 60,000 local residents were displaced. The Indian government has blocked internet service and restricted movement in Manipur state, meaning the state’s three million people have been cut off from the rest of India. Under the halo of a great power, India cannot hide its embarrassment of long-term domestic ethnic conflicts.
Like many developing countries, India started the process of modernization dragging the body of traditional society. It has not experienced a drastic social revolution, which determines that the dual attributes of tradition and modernity have existed in “One India” almost from the very beginning. . As a unified country, India has been independent for more than 70 years, but there are still challenges to national identity and national integration caused by violent religious and ethnic conflicts. Traditional factors such as caste structure, gender concept, and land system still restrict the development of India’s economy and society. Since the economic reform, the development of the service industry centered on the information technology industry has brought rapid economic growth, but the resulting path dependence has further reduced the government’s motivation to reform the land and labor markets, expand infrastructure construction, and develop manufacturing. The rapid expansion of Hindu nationalism in recent years has fueled suspicion, distrust and division among different religious groups in the country.
India is a major geopolitical beneficiary in the post-pandemic era. Western countries headed by the United States are competing to win over India, carry out all-round cooperation with India in the fields of economy, national defense, and security, and provide convenience to India in key technologies, industrial chains, investment, and market access, hoping to build India into an A great power to counter China’s power. Of course, India has great potential to become a world power. However, if it cannot solve the problems it faces such as the gap between the rich and the poor, unbalanced development, and social division, it will be in a state of “two Indias” for a long time. In this contradictory state of “two Indias”, we will also see that behind the glamorous discourse and image of the rise of India as a great power, it is the elites of India who are going to the other side of the ocean to realize their “American Dream”.
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2023-07-09 06:43:40
