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Solar system is the arrangement of objects in the sky consisting of the sun as its center and the planets, meteoroids, comets, and asteroids that revolve around the sun. The composition of the solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, planetary companion satellites, comets, asteroids and meteoroids.
When celestial bodies such as planets and others revolve around the sun, the phenomenon is known as revolution. It is different with rotation, which means that the heavenly bodies rotate on their respective axis.
Quoted from the book Integrated Science Volume 3B compiled by Mikrajuddi et al, experts are still debating about the celestial bodies that make up the solar system. So, which object is the center of the solar system? Earth or sun?
There are two theories about the center of the solar system, namely the geocentric theory and the heliocentric theory. Here’s the explanation.
Geocentric Theory
The geocentric theory places the earth at the center of the solar system. Geo means earth and centric means center. Klaudius Ptolemaeus, a Greek geographer had established the basis of mathematical calculations for the calculation of celestial bodies, so that this geocentric system lasted quite a long time.
However, when the telescope was invented and observations became more in-depth about the motion of nearby planets, it was discovered that the geocentric system was unable to explain some of the properties of planetary motion.
Heliocentric Theory
Niclaus Copernicus, an astronomer and mathematician who came from Poland overhauled the geocentric system initiated by Klaudius. He initiated the heliocentric theory, helio means the sun and centric means the center.
In his book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Copernicus states that the sun is the center of the solar system and all the planets, including the earth. According to Copernicus, the earth moves around the sun.
So, from the two theories, we now use the heliocentric theory. The solar system is a solar system and a collection of celestial bodies bound by the law of gravity on the sun.
Planet
A celestial object can be classified as a planet if it has the following conditions:
1. Orbiting on a star or stellar remnant
2. Has sufficient mass to form independent gravity in order to maintain its shape in a state of equilibrium
3. Not strong enough to start the fusion reaction in the core
4. Its orbit does not overlap with the orbits of other celestial bodies
The size of the planet is somewhat larger when compared to the members solar system other. Planets cannot produce their own light.
There are eight planets in the solar system, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The planet Uranus was discovered by the German-British astronomer Sir William Herschel in 1781.
The planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn can be seen with the naked eye and have been known for a long time. While the planets Uranus and Neptune were discovered after humans were able to make telescopes.
In the past, there were nine planets including Pluto. However, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2006 abandoned the notion that Pluto is a planet. This is because Pluto’s orbit overlaps with another celestial body, namely the planet Neptune.
Satellite
A satellite is a celestial body that orbits a planet. Along with the planets they orbit, the satellites also orbit the sun. Like planets, satellites cannot produce their own light.
The light that is on the satellite comes from the reflection of sunlight that falls on its surface. Almost all the planets in the solar system have satellites, except for Mercury and Venus.
Asteroid
The next order of the solar system is asteroids. Asteroids are small objects in space that revolve around the sun. The location of the asteroid is between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter, while the direction of its revolution is the same as that of the planet’s revolution.
The thing that separates asteroids from planets is their size. Asteroids are smaller in size, in contrast to planets that have large sizes. Usually, asteroids are called minor planets.
Comet
Comets are commonly referred to as tail stars. Comets do have very long tails and are small celestial bodies that revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit. The angle of inclination of a comet’s orbit with respect to the ecliptic is quite variable.
Comets are formed from ice and dust. Usually when approaching the sun, some of the ingredients that make up comets evaporate to form gas heads and tails. The comet’s tail is pointed away from the sun because of the solar wind.
Meteoroid
The interplanetary space contains many particles. These particles are called meteoroids. When a meteoroid enters the earth and ignites because it rubs against the atmosphere, it is called a meteor.
Meteors are often referred to as shooting stars even though they are not really stars. On a cloudless and moonlit night, up to half a dozen meteors can be observed every hour.
Well, that’s the meaning of arrangement solar system along with the geocentric and heliocentric theories. Hopefully it’s easy to understand, detikers!
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