Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrinological disorder that highly affects females, causing menstrual disturbances during the reproductive age. The disorder is characterized by the presence of polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and oli-anovulation. Our study discovered that PCOS is more prevalent in younger age groups, with a mean patient age of 27.0 ± 4 years, and a BMI of 24.4 ± 3.55 kg/m2. We also found a strong correlation between high BMI and metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances in PCOS. Hypovitaminosis D was observed in 40% of participants, which influences insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and modulates the immune response.
Thyroid disorders are also prevalent in PCOS patients, with 11% having hypothyroidism. The deficiency of thyroid hormones affects gonadal function and fertility, leading to delayed puberty onset and anovulatory cycles. Hyperprolactinemia, with a mean value of 37.25 ± 21.86 ng/ml, was observed in 21% of patients, affecting the gonadotrophin axis and leading to an imbalance in LH and FSH levels. High levels of testosterone were found in 7% of patients, leading to a high LH/FSH ratio ≥ 2.
Our study suggests that clinicians must be aware of the various complications associated with PCOS, such as metabolic disturbances, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, LH/FSH ratio imbalance, and high testosterone levels. By recognizing these issues, doctors can develop appropriate management strategies to improve the quality of life for patients.
