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Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide. In this article, we will review the influence of environmental factors in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease.
We will briefly introduce cardiovascular disease, explain the associated pathobiological concepts, and formulate the aim of this article to provide a better understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and heart disease.
Cardiovascular disease includes a variety of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. This disease is caused by a number of factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
The pathobiology of cardiovascular disease involves the study of the structural and functional changes that occur at the cellular and molecular levels in the heart and blood vessels. These processes include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and epigenetic changes that contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease.
We will review environmental factors such as air pollution, water pollution, environmental noise, and other environmental factors that have the potential to affect the risk of heart disease.
We will describe the pathobiological mechanisms associated with these environmental factors, as well as highlight recent studies and findings that illustrate the relationship between environmental factors and cardiovascular disease.
Finally, we will present the preventive and management measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease originating from environmental factors.
Environmental Factors and Cardiovascular Disease
A. Definition of Environmental Factors Potentially Affecting Cardiovascular Disease
Environmental factors related to cardiovascular disease include air pollution, water pollution, environmental noise, exposure to harmful chemicals, and unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and poor diet. These factors can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and affect pathobiological processes in the body.
B. Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), have been shown to have a strong relationship with cardiovascular disease risk. Exposure to air pollution can cause inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction which damage blood vessels and trigger the development of heart disease.
C. Impact of Water Pollution on Cardiovascular Health
Poor water quality, especially that contaminated by heavy metals and hazardous chemicals, can also contribute to the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease. Long-term exposure to water pollution can cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and impaired cardiac function.
D. Relationship between Environmental Noise Exposure and Heart Disease
2023-07-09 18:29:30
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