The Importance of HPV Vaccination for Cancer Prevention

The HPV vaccine prevents cancer in both men and women.

Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer among Thai women (data from Cancer in Thailand Vol.x, 2016-2018 prepared and published by the National Cancer Institute). 60 years
And an average of 6 patients die from cervical cancer per day.

Cause of cervical cancer

It is caused by infection with HPV (Human papilloma virus). There are about 14 high-risk strains of HPV. Types 16 and 18 are responsible for 70 percent of all cervical cancer cases worldwide. In Thailand, an epidemiological study of HPV infection among 5906 Thai women undergoing cervical cancer screening in 2011-2012 found that high-risk HPV type 52 was the most common, followed by Down are strain 16, strain 51, strain 58 and strain 18 (Genotypic distribution of human papilloamavirus (HPV) and cervical cytology findings in 5906 Thai women undergoing cervical cancer screening programs).

HPV infection can be transmitted even by only one sexual partner. But 90% of the infections will resolve on their own, with only a small number of people having long-term infections. and causing abnormal cervical epithelium

HPV infection not only causes cervical cancer. also cause vaginal cancer vulvar cancer male genital cancer Anal cancer, throat cancer, and genital warts

Cervical cancer prevention
1. health education Avoiding risk factors, including having sex at a young age having a partner Smoking and low immunity
2. HPV vaccination. The vaccine contains a viral antigen produced by the synthesis of a specific sheath (L1 protein) without the virus’s carcinogenic genetic material. The vaccine stimulates the body to build immunity against HPV. Currently, there are 3 types of HPV available:

✔ Bi-strain vaccine protects against infection with high-risk HPV strains 16, 18.

✔ Four-type vaccine protects against infection with high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and protects against infection with low-risk HPV types. that often cause warts 6,11

✔ The 9-type vaccine prevents infection with the high-risk HPV virus strains that are common worldwide and in Thai women, namely types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 and prevents viral infection. HPV is a low-risk strain. that often cause warts 6,11

Who should get the HPV vaccine?

The US CDC recommends that anyone 11-12 years old and getting 2 doses in those under 15 years old, at least 6 months apart from the first and second doses, should get 2 doses between 15-26 years of age. 3 doses In patients with low immunity from 9-26 years old, should receive 3 doses as well.

Between the ages of 27-45 years old, if you haven’t been vaccinated against HPV infection, you can get vaccinated. But should consult a doctor about the benefits of vaccination. which may benefit less than younger age groups because they have been previously infected with HPV

Recommendations for HPV vaccination in Thailand (Refer to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Thai Gynecological Cancer Society)

The main target groups are girls aged 11-12 years with 2 injections 6-12 months apart.

Other groups in which vaccination is recommended include:

✔ Females and males aged 9-26 years with 3 injections at 0,1-2,6 months. If younger than 15 years old, can inject 2 injections, except those with low immunity. Must complete 3 injections
✔ Women and men with low immunity such as HIV infection
✔ Women who have had abnormal cervical cancer screening results or have a history of abnormal HPV testing results or a history of precancerous lesions on the cervix or have ever had genital warts
✔ Women who have had sex before or age 26-45 consider the benefits of vaccination on a case-by-case basis.
✔ If you want to get vaccinated before pregnancy Birth control should be used for at least 1 month after completing 3 doses of vaccination.
✔ The vaccination is not recommended for pregnant women. But if injected known to be pregnant It is recommended that the remainder of the vaccination be continued postpartum until 3 doses have been completed. No reports of vaccine adverse effects on pregnancy were reported.
✔ breastfeeding women can get vaccinated
✔ Those who have not been vaccinated within the prescribed time, continue to inject 3 doses without having to start a new dose and recommend vaccination with the same type of vaccine for all 3 doses.
✔ There is no indication for booster vaccination.
✔ After complete vaccination Still, women are still required to be screened for cervical cancer according to the screening recommendations.

Who should not get the HPV vaccine?

1. have a history of severe allergic reactions to vaccine components
2. History of allergic reaction to Yeast (Gardasil, Gardasil9)
3. Pregnant, the vaccination schedule should be postponed after birth.
The most common side effects of vaccination are: pain, swelling at the injection site, or fever. More serious side effects are rare.

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