The impact of COVID-19 risk perception on camper attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and coping behavior
TitlesThe Effects of Corona(COVID-19) Risk Perception on Camper Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control and Coping Behavior Coping Behavior: Moderating Effect of Optimistic biasAuthorByun Hong JuneAlternative Author(s)Byun, Hong JuneAdvisor(s)Namjo KimIssue Date2021. 2PublisherHanyang UniversityDegreeMasterAbstractAs the coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads around the world, the tourism industry is experiencing an unprecedented crisis, and understanding individual coping behavior patterns according to the risk of infectious diseases is becoming important. As ‘social distancing’ is implemented in Korea, restrictions on the use of indoor facilities have increased. However, as social awareness spread that the possibility of group infection in outdoor facilities is low, family activities were encouraged, and personal vehicles emerged as an element of non-face-to-face contact, people began to focus on camping among outdoor recreational activities. To prevent the spread of infection, avoiding crowded places and individual quarantine guidelines are very important, and it is necessary to understand people’s coping behavior patterns and actions. This survey was conducted online due to the risk of infectious diseases, and large domestic camping cafes and communities were selected as research subjects, and questionnaires were distributed to members who wrote reviews of camping activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate campers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control according to risk perception, and to confirm their behavioral intentions to respond accordingly. In addition, we aim to improve our understanding of people’s coping behavior patterns by confirming the moderating effect of optimistic bias between perceived behavioral control and coping behavior intention. Through theoretical review, we reviewed people’s behavior patterns, coping behaviors, and optimistic bias in epidemic situations, and previous studies were examined, as well as outdoor recreation and camping. This study was constructed by adding the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a theory that well explains human behavioral intention, and situational risk perception factors. As traditional previous studies and current social phenomena appear to be contradictory, existing behavioral Intention was composed of coping behavior. Additionally, additional implications were derived by dividing the types of camping into general camping and auto camping. As a result of the analysis, first, social and psychological risk perception had a negative effect on both attitude and subjective norms, and physical risk perception also had a negative effect on perceived behavioral control. Second, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control all had a negative effect on active escape behavior intention. Attitude and subjective norm had a positive influence on behavioral intention to conform or escape. Third, optimistic bias was found to have a moderating effect on perceived behavioral control and active escape behavior intention, but did not have a moderating effect on compliance or escape behavior intention. Fourth, as a result of dividing the camping type into general camping and auto camping and verifying differences between groups of variables, the perception of corona risk was found to be higher in general campers than in auto campers, and among these, perception of physical risk and perception of social risk were higher. It was found that there was a significant difference. In addition, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control according to camper type were higher in auto camping than in general camping, and there were significant differences in attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. As a result of examining the active escape behavior intention and compliance escape behavior intention according to the type of camper, the active escape behavior intention was high in general camping, and the compliance escape behavior intention was high in auto camping, and there was a significant difference. When interpreting the results of this study, despite the threat of Corona, campers generally maintained a very positive attitude and social awareness toward camping behavior and showed adaptive avoidance intentions, indicating the need to reorganize outdoor quarantine guidelines during the Corona period. appeared. Despite highly infectious infectious diseases such as Corona, campers’ behavioral intentions do not appear to decrease. This study confirmed that physical and economic risk perception is the most effective in inducing and controlling groups with optimistic bias. Accordingly, it is believed that notices related to coronavirus and infectious diseases will be most effective for campers when they highlight the above factors. For example, rather than a notice that simply recommends wearing a mask, the effectiveness of the notice will increase if it highlights the negative physical effects that can be caused by not wearing a mask or the fines imposed according to government policy. |As the pandemic spreads around the world wide, the tourism industry is experiencing an unprecedented crisis, and it is becoming important to understand the patterns of individuals’ coping behavior to the risk of contagious diseases. In Korea, restrictions on the use of indoor facilities have increased due to the implementation of “social distancing.” However, with the widespread social perception that outdoor facilities are unlikely to be infected by collective infections, family activities have been encouraged and individual vehicles have emerged as non-face-to-face elements, people have begun to focus on camping activities during outdoor recreation activities. In order to prevent the spread of contagion, dense place avoidance and personal hygiene guidelines are very important, and it is necessary to understand people’s coping patterns and behaviors. This study was conducted online survey in accordance with the risk of infectious diseases, and the survey was distributed to members who wrote reviews of camping activities by selecting large camping cafes and communities in Korea as the subject of research. It was intended to identify the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of the campers according to the risk perception and to check the degree of action taken accordingly. And seek to enhance understanding of people’s response behavior patterns by checking the effectiveness of the control of optimistic biases between perceived behavior control and coping behavior. Through theoretical considerations, we examined the behavior patterns, response behaviors, and positive bias of people in infectious disease situations, and considered outdoor recreation and camping. This study was constructed by adding situational risk-aware factors to the theory of planning behavior (TPB), which is a well-described theory of human behavior, and by contrasting traditional prior studies with current social phenomena. Further implications are derived by dividing the types of camping into general camping and auto camping. As a result of the analysis, first, social and psychological risk perception had negative effects on both attitudes and subjective norms, and physical perception also had negative effects on perceived behavioral control. Second, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all negatively affected the degree of active escapism. Attitude and subjective norms had a positive effect on the degree of conformity escapism. Third, optimistic prejudice was found to have the effect of controlling perceptual behavior and controlling active escapism, but there was no control effect on the degree of conformity escapism. Fourth, the verification of differences between groups of variables separated by general camping and auto camping showed that general campers were both more likely to be at risk for corona than auto camping people, with significant differences in physical and social risk. In addition, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptual behavior control according to the type of campers showed higher auto-camping compared to general camping, and there were significant differences in attitudes, perceptual behavior control, and subjective norms. Looking at the intentions of active escapism and conformity escapism according to the type of campers, it was found that the intention of active escapism was high in general camping, and the degree of conformity escapism was high, and there was a significant difference. Interpreting the findings, despite the threat of the coronavirus, campers generally showed the need to maintain a very positive attitude and social awareness of camping activities, and to reorganize outdoor personal hygiene guidelines during the coronavirus period. Despite the highly contagious diseases such as Corona, the intention of the campers to act does not appear to be compromised. In order to induce and control groups with optimistic biases, this study confirmed that risk perceptions in both physical and economic areas are most valid. Therefore, it is judged that the announcement of corona and infectious diseases will be most effective for the campers when highlighting the above factors. For example, rather than simply recommending wearing a mask, the effectiveness of the notification will increase when highlighting the possible physical adverse effects of not wearing a mask or the portion of fines under government policy.URIhttp://dcollection.hanyang.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000115387https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/187453Appears in Collections:GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](Graduate School) > TOURISM (Department of Tourism) > Theses (Master) Files in This Item:
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How might the interplay between social, psychological, and physical risk perceptions influence a camper’s decision to choose auto camping over general camping during a pandemic?
## Interview: COVID-19 Risk Perception and Camper Behavior
**Introduction:**
Welcome to today’s episode where we delve into research exploring the impact of COVID-19 risk perception on camping behaviors. Joining us are two experts in the field: Dr. [Guest 1 Name], a sociologist specializing in leisure and recreation, and Dr. [Guest 2 Name], an epidemiologist with expertise in infectious disease behavior.
This discussion is based on a recent master’s thesis titled ”The Effects of Corona (COVID-19) Risk Perception on Camper Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control and Coping Behavior,” conducted by Byun Hong June at Hanyang University.
**Section 1: Understanding Risk Perception**
* **Interviewer:** Dr. [Guest 1 Name], can you elaborate on the different types of risk perception discussed in this study, specifically social, psychological, and physical risk perceptions? How do these perceptions shape campers’ attitudes towards their activity?
* **Dr. [Guest 1 Name]:**
* **Interviewer:** Dr. [Guest 2 Name], from an epidemiologist’s perspective, how accurate do campers’ perceptions of COVID-19 risk appear to be? Do you see any disconnect between perceived risk and actual risk in outdoor recreational settings like campsites?
* **Dr. [Guest 2 Name]:**
**Section 2: Coping Mechanisms and Behavior Intentions**
* **Interviewer:** This study identifies two distinct coping strategies: active escape and conformity escape. Dr. [Guest 1 Name], could you explain these strategies and shed light on how optimistic bias plays a role in influencing campers’ choices?
* **Dr. [Guest 1 Name]:**
* **Interviewer:** Dr. [Guest 2 Name], given the nature of COVID-19 transmission, are there additional coping mechanisms you would recommend to campers, beyond consciously minimizing risk conventionally?
* **Dr. [Guest 2 Name]:**
**Section 3: General Camping vs. Auto Camping**
* **Interviewer:** The study highlights intriguing differences between general campers and auto campers in terms of risk perception and behavioral intentions. Dr. [Guest 1 Name], what factors might be contributing to these differences, and do these findings resonate with broader trends in outdoor recreation?
* **Dr. [Guest 1 Name]:**
**Section 4: Implications for Policy and Communication**
* **Interviewer:** This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and public health officials. Dr. [Guest 2 Name], what are some key takeaways that could inform communication strategies aimed at promoting safe and responsible camping practices during a pandemic?
* **Dr. [Guest 2 Name]:**
**Concluding Remarks:**
* **Interviewer:** Thank you both for sharing your expertise and insights. It’s clear that understanding risk perception and its influence on behavior is crucial for navigating these challenging times. This research undoubtedly provides valuable insights for both policymakers and individuals alike.
