Many of us like to start our day with a cup of strong coffee to keep us in shape until the evening, but it seems that for some people, sleep could be affected that evening, reports Newsweek.
This is due to the different speeds at which different people metabolize caffeine and the impact it can have on the tiredness you feel in the evening.
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that works by blocking the receptors in our brain that receive neurotransmitters. When these receptors are blocked, the neurotransmitters that induce fatigue no longer get to transmit the state of sleepiness.
Slowly, the body metabolizes the caffeine, releasing the receptors and allowing the neurotransmitters to fulfill their role again.
“Broadly speaking, people can be fast or slow metabolizers of caffeine, and there’s also some evidence that people can have a high or low sensitivity to the effects of caffeine,” Glen Davison, professor of sports and exercise science, told Newsweek. physics at the University of Kent in England. “So, it is quite well recognized now, in the scientific community, that people respond differently to caffeine – part of the response is innate (determined by our genetic constitution), and part can be linked to lifestyle (determined by how we are used to caffeine).”
People who consume caffeine faster will therefore be able to feel tired at the end of the day, while those who process it more slowly will still have some of their adenosine receptors full and will be less able to feel tired in the evening , affecting the quality of sleep.
The fact that we are slow or fast metabolizers of caffeine may depend on our genes, Neil Clarke, assistant professor of sports and exercise science at Coventry University in England, told Newsweek.
“Two of the genes thought to have the greatest impact are CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Caffeine metabolism is mainly determined by the cytochrome P-450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme,” Clarke said.
“Rapid metabolizers of caffeine have the CYP1A2 AA genotype, and slow metabolizers have the AC or CC genotypes. A “slow” metabolizer of caffeine… removes caffeine from their system about four times slower than fast metabolizers. This will affect how long caffeine can exert its positive (or, if you can’t sleep, negative) effects.”
“The ADORA2A genotype was also implicated in sleep quality and increased sleep disturbances, and individuals with the CC and TC genotypes appeared to confer greater sensitivity to caffeine-induced sleep disturbances compared to the TT genotype.”
However, there is still much research to be done on how caffeine affects the body and the exact mechanisms behind how it is metabolized.
“It’s not that simple that some people are fast metabolizers of caffeine and others are slow, almost nothing in human biology is simple, but some people are definitely more sensitive to caffeine than others,” Thomas Merritt, professor, told Newsweek in chemistry and biochemistry at Laurentian University in Canada. “Caffeine sensitivity also means different things to different people, but sleep patterns are often something that concerns people.”
Caffeine is also linked to a number of other effects in the body, including weight loss and mental health.
“Caffeine in moderate doses acts in the brain to reduce fatigue, increase vigilance and reduce reaction time. Also, caffeine can reduce appetite and slightly reduce weight gain. In moderate doses, caffeine has been associated with a decreased risk of depression and suicide in some studies,” said Clarke.
“Coffee can contribute to the prevention of diseases related to inflammatory and oxidative stress, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes; secondly, coffee consumption seems to be associated with a lower incidence of several types of cancer and a reduction in the risk of mortality from all causes. Similarly, a recent review … highlighted the fact that a decaffeinated coffee still contains polyphenols that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, some minor non-caffeine components, such as protocatechuic acid, have antibacterial and antifungal activities and a novel role in glucose metabolism.”
2023-10-15 10:42:20
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