The Golgi apparatus is the name for the distinctive pouches present in almost all eukaryotic cells. The function of the golgi body very important and diverse.
The name “golgi body” was first given by an Italian cytologist named Camillo Golgi. He was the first to describe this organelle in the late 19th century.
Golgi body structure
Quote from repository.usu.ac.idThe Golgi bodies are formed by a distinctive arrangement of sac plates surrounded by a membrane. The pouch plate is named the cisterna.
On plantThe Golgi apparatus consists of several cisternae. At the end of the pouch there are vesicles that stick together as if they were snapped from the tip of the larger pouch.
Generally, the Golgi apparatus has 4-5 cisternae which are approximately 10 nm apart from one another. In certain plants, the Golgi bodies are 20 or more with a width between 500 and 1000 nm.
Cisternae that grow is in the lowest position with a bulging edge of the bag called the surface cis golgi body. Cisternae that have gone through growth with the periphery of the larger bulging pouch at the top are called trans.
For more details, here is a picture of the structure of the Golgi body that you can pay attention to.
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Golgi Body Structure (repository.usu.ac.id)
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Golgi Body Formation
Still quoting from repository.usu.ac.id, the intracellular formation of the golgi body has long been discussed. Here are some opinions on the origin of the golgi body.
- Vesicles that detach from the outer membrane covering or enveloping the nucleus.
- Vesicles are delivered from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Vesicles formed by protrusions inwards from the plasma membrane.
- Dissection of the golgi body that is in the cell.
Of the several opinions previously mentioned, the most accepted opinion is the opinion of the Golgi apparatus originating from vesicles sent from the endoplasmic reticulum.
These vesicles are named transitional vesicles which are sent from the endoplasmic reticulum to migrate and fuse with the cisternae membrane. Thus, golgi bodies can be formed and bring about the growth of organelles.
Aggregates of transitional vesicles in the cell are present in a specific area of the cytoplasm called the exclusion zone that is free of ribosomes. This zone is surrounded by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Golgi bodies that are still small in size appear and develop in this zone.
This organelle is easily visible on division plant cell and animals. The number will increase so that the number of golgi bodies in the cell resulting from division is the same as the parent cell.
Functions of the Golgi Body in Cell Metabolism
The function of the Golgi apparatus is to assist the process of cell metabolism. According to the explanation in repository.usu.ac.idHere are some of the functions of the Golgi apparatus in plants and other eukaryotic cells.
- Packs the secretory material to be released from the cell.
- Processing protein synthesized by the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Carry out the synthesis of certain polysaccharides and glycolipids.
- Selects proteins for various locations in the cell.
- Adding new membrane elements to the plasma membrane.
- Reprocesses plasma membrane components that have entered the cytosol during endocytosis.
The Golgi apparatus receives certain cellular products from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and carries the products to secretory vesicles which pass across large parts of the cell plasma membrane and diffuse with the membrane. This section can open to release the contents of the vesicle out. This process is known as exocytosis.
Proteins synthesized by the ER are transferred to the Golgi apparatus. Here carbohydrate additions can be added. Protein will also be collected in vesicles until they are full. Then the vesicles will move to the cell surface and secrete contents to the outside. Vesicles with other protein content in the Golgi apparatus can be stored in the cell as lysosomes.
In addition, the function of the Golgi apparatus also plays a role in preparing membrane elements for organelles such as lysosomes and plasma membranes. Proteins designated as components of the lysosomal membrane or plasma membrane are added to the ER membrane.
At the time of synthesis, the protein will move to the cis and through the medial cistern is passed to the trans as a membrane component. Then the membrane comes out of the surface trans containing protein.
These vessels contain secretory proteins that bind to the plasma membrane and empty their contents outside the cell.
Another function of the Golgi apparatus is to select proteins. In addition, the Golgi bodies play a role in preparing new elements involved in the reprocessing of plasma membranes that enter the cytosol during endocytosis.
Thus a review of the function of the Golgi apparatus and other matters related to this organelle, to be studied together.
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