Have different characteristics
earth illustration (Unsplash/NASA)
The earth does not only consist of soil, you know. But it consists of several layers underneath like a layer cake.
These layers help the Earth to stay intact and are the cause of several phenomena that occur in nature. The layers of the Earth consist of the crust (crust), the Earth’s mantle (mantle), and the Earth’s core (core).
Each layer of the Earth has its own uniqueness and characteristics that can help this planet stay intact and work properly. Here are the 5 layers of the earth’s structure, see below.
1. Earth’s crust (crust)
illustration of the earth’s crust (Unsplash/Jens Aber)
The Earth’s crust is a layer commonly stepped on by humans in their daily lives. Humans do their daily lives on the earth’s crust.
The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer and the thinnest layer. Reported by page ZME ScienceThe Earth’s crust is between 5 and 70 kilometers deep. That depth makes the crust the thinnest layer Earth has.
There are two types of crust on Earth, namely continental crust and oceanic crust. Continental crust is the crust on land. While the oceanic crust is the crust that is in the ocean.
It is the continental and oceanic crust that carry out the movements and shifts of plates during earthquakes, mountain building and tsunamis.
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2. Top coat (upper mantle)
illustration of the structure of the earth’s layers (Wikimedia.org/Kelvinsong)
After the Earth’s crust, the next layer immediately below the Earth’s crust is the upper mantle (upper mantle). The Earth’s mantle is a mostly dense layer, but some are very viscous.
top coat (upper mantle) tends to be slightly more viscous or plastic than the lower mantle (lower mantle). Reported by page Physthe upper mantle is between 35 and 410 kilometers deep and has a temperature between 500 and 900 degrees Celsius.
This top coat is composed of magnesium, iron, silicon, and aluminum materials. The top coat is plastic. The plasticity of the upper mantle impacts the movements and shifts of the Earth’s crust. A moving upper mantle will also move the Earth’s crust, leading to plate movements and shifts that can cause earthquakes, mountain building, and tsunamis.
3. Mantle down (lower mantle)
illustration of the structure of the earth’s layers (Wikimedia.org/Surachit)
After the top coat, the next layer just below the top coat is the undercoat (lower mantle). When compared to the upper coat, the lower coat tends to be denser.
This occurs because the lower mantle has denser material and greater pressure when compared to the upper mantle. Reported by page Physthe lower mantle is between 660 and 2,891 kilometers deep.
This depth makes the mantle layer the layer that has the greatest depth on Earth. The depth also makes the earth’s mantle occupy 80 percent of the structure of the earth’s layer. The temperature in the lower mantle is also very high. Lower mantle temperatures can reach over 4,000 degrees Celsius.
4. Outer core
illustration of the outer core of the earth (Unsplash/Toby Elliott)
After the lower mantle, the next layer is the outer core (outer core). Reported by page Science News Explores, the outer core is made of liquid iron and nickel. Material in this outer core would be heated by the radioactive decay of the elements uranium and thorium.
This turbulent fluid will produce very large turbulent current movements. This movement produces an electric current for the earth’s magnetic field at the earth’s core. Besides being able to generate a magnetic field, the heated material in the outer core of the Earth also produces extremely hot temperatures.
The temperature at Earth’s outer core ranges from 4,500 to 5,000 degrees Celsius and has a depth ranging from 2,900 to 5,100 km.
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2023-07-20 12:53:36
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