The duration of turbulence in the air increased with global warming

Increased Air Temperatures Linked to Increased Turbulence, Study Shows

Turbulence, a meteorological event that greatly concerns the aviation industry, is caused by the sudden and irregular movement of air. This phenomenon, known as mixed air movement turbulence, occurs due to variations in density, pressure, humidity, and temperature, resulting in sudden jolts experienced during airplane travel.

A recent study conducted by scientists at the University of Reading in England has revealed a correlation between increased air temperatures and the likelihood of turbulence. Using data from 1979 to 2020, the researchers found a parallelism between the 30 percent rise in carbon dioxide density during this period and the increase in jet stream winds caused by extreme air temperatures.

The study focused on the North Atlantic, which is one of the busiest flight routes in the world. It discovered that the duration of intense turbulence per year increased from 17.7 hours in 1979 to 27.4 hours in 2020, marking a significant 55 percent increase. Moderate turbulence also saw an increase from 70 hours to 96 hours, representing a 37 percent rise. Similar variable increases were observed in turbulence on flight routes in Europe, the Middle East, and the South Atlantic over the 41-year period.

Professor Dr. Hüseyin Toros, a lecturer at Istanbul Technical University’s Meteorological Engineering Department, explained that temperature differences during flights contribute to turbulence. For instance, when a plane takes off from Istanbul to Adana in the morning and passes over the Taurus Mountains, it may experience shaking due to contact with the hot air accumulated at the foot of the mountains, reflecting the current temperature difference.

While turbulence can be predicted to some extent by analyzing air movement content such as humidity and dust, Toros emphasized the difficulty of detecting it in general terms and on a large scale. Unpredictable tremors may occur, especially since outdoor turbulence cannot be clearly detected.

Toros highlighted that turbulence is a meteorological event similar to rain and snow, resulting from the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface, which creates air currents in the atmosphere. Factors such as wind distribution, temperature changes, and weather conditions like storms play crucial roles in the formation and intensity of turbulence. Sudden changes in temperature, pressure, and wind speed often lead to atmospheric instabilities. The interaction of different air masses along air fronts generates zones of enhanced turbulence. Storms cause strong up and down turbulent air currents, while jet streams can create areas of open air turbulence due to temperature differences between polar and tropical air masses. Convection can also cause the formation of cumulus clouds and turbulence associated with updrafts and downdrafts.

Toros further emphasized the link between turbulence and global warming, stating that record temperatures reached in recent years have resulted in increased air movement and a subsequent rise in turbulence intensity and frequency. He attributed global climate change to the unconscious extraction and use of fossil fuels that have accumulated underground for centuries. To mitigate the adverse effects of global warming and climate change, Toros stressed the importance of adapting and focusing on activities that reduce climate change. This includes reducing the use of fossil fuels, utilizing energy more efficiently, and embracing renewable energy sources such as water, wind, and solar power with the help of advancing technology.

As climate change continues to impact the world, the aviation industry will need to adapt and implement strategies to mitigate the effects of increased turbulence. By understanding the relationship between rising air temperatures and turbulence, scientists and aviation experts can work together to develop solutions that ensure safer and smoother flights for passengers worldwide.

How can the aviation industry improve aircraft designs and materials to enhance structural integrity and minimize the impact of turbulence on flight safety, amidst the increasing occurrence of turbulence due to climate change

Snow, and its occurrence is influenced by various factors. However, the study’s findings indicate a clear correlation between increased air temperatures and turbulence. As global temperatures continue to rise due to climate change, the aviation industry may need to adapt and account for increased turbulence during flights.

The implications of this study are significant for both airlines and passengers. Turbulence not only causes discomfort to passengers but also poses risks to flight safety. Increased turbulence means a higher likelihood of injuries to passengers and crew members and a greater strain on aircraft structures.

To mitigate the effects of turbulence, airlines may need to invest in advanced weather monitoring systems and technologies that can detect turbulence in real-time and provide accurate forecasts. Pilots can then make informed decisions to avoid turbulent areas or adjust flight paths accordingly. Additionally, improved aircraft designs and materials can enhance structural integrity and reduce the impact of turbulence.

Passengers can also take proactive measures to minimize the discomfort caused by turbulence. Fastening seat belts, following crew instructions, and remaining calm can all contribute to a safer and more comfortable flight experience.

Overall, the study emphasizes the need for ongoing research and understanding of the relationship between climate change and aviation. As the Earth’s climate continues to evolve, the aviation industry must stay vigilant and adapt to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers.