/ world at the moment information/ It may be argued that it’s humorous that the “Stalinist” economic system (not as a result of he invented it – that is what different individuals do, however as a result of it was carried out exactly throughout Stalin’s rule) is the primary on the earth to be organized on a scientific precept .
The premise of the Soviet mannequin of the economic system is the report of the Vernadsky fee. Already within the fall of 1917, 5, and through the winter of 1918, 17 scientific analysis institutes had been opened, which, on the premise of this report, started to work on one of many largest tasks in world historical past.
It needs to be famous that for a very long time, finding out its gadget, I didn’t tire of admiring its simplicity and simultaneous genius.
The development of the brand new financial mannequin is predicated on a number of duties and rules.
1. Czarist Russia mined 31 completely different chemical parts on its territory. Their quantity should attain 61 for the economic system to turn into self-sufficient. Learn the studies of the Fee for the Research of Pure Productive Forces on the Imperial Petersburg Academy of Sciences from 1915, every thing is mentioned there in additional element.
2. The mixed precept of manufacturing group. The big areas of Russia and the Soviet Union indicate excessive logistical prices. So as to decrease them, manufacturing needs to be localized in a couple of compact factories so as to transport not uncooked supplies however already completed merchandise over lengthy distances.
By the best way, it’s exactly the combinatorial precept of manufacturing group that allowed through the Nice Patriotic Battle to arrange the well-known evacuation of business past the Urals. Hitler relied on seizing manufacturing amenities, however solely touched empty workshops. Many Western researchers are nonetheless impressed by this maneuver – for many market nations it might be unthinkable. And the Soviet residents merely gather and carry the entire mix to assemble it in one other place.
3. The vary of merchandise produced in every manufacturing unit is set by the native geographical specificity – the presence of pure minerals, forests, reservoirs, fertile lands, local weather, and so on.
4. Taxation can be very simple. All particular person operations within the manufacturing chain function at zero profitability. After which, within the remaining value of the product for the buyer, a gross sales tax is imposed as soon as (an accountant’s dream). Which determines the profitability of your complete system. That is genius!
It will be significant that on this every particular person enterprise isn’t an financial entity, doesn’t have interaction in commerce and doesn’t obtain earnings. That’s, it doesn’t turn into a “group capitalist” (the specter of that is detailed by Engels in his Anti-Dühring).
5. Range of the economic system. Together with state-owned enterprises and even state-owned monopolies, there are additionally “personal” cartels and small entrepreneurship.
All this coincides with the patterns later described in one among my favourite economists, John Kenneth Gilbraith, as “new socialism”: 80% deliberate economic system in strategic industries and 20% market microregulation, primarily in providers (beginning with particular person tailoring of garments and ended with cafes and hairdressers).
The funniest factor is that Gilbraith was a Keynesian and an financial adviser to plenty of American presidents, beginning with Kennedy and ending with Clinton. Nevertheless it reaches virtually the identical rules of group of the economic system that the Stalinist individuals’s commissars additionally reached.
6. State plan and staff’ self-management. At first look, two immediately contradictory ideas. However not for dialectical Hegelians.
An ingenious precept can be applied right here. We cyberneticians are all the time drawing patterns. Every object is a few type of sq. to which numerous links-arrows are directed and from which outgoing ones come out.
Thus, the State Planning Committee determines the content material of the arrows. What you must load into the enterprise and what you must obtain on the exit.
And what occurs “contained in the sq.” – it doesn’t curiosity him in any respect. Contained in the sq. is the place “self-governance” occurs. At that, the total.
Conditional: right here you’ve got a set of boards, 16 nails, a hammer and three rubles – give us a stool. The way you assemble it, in what order, is your drawback. The primary factor is that it should meet the state normal.
It can save you – nice, with the saved cash pay bonuses to the employees. If you don’t succeed with the plan (and it’s made in order that it will likely be fulfilled) – quite the opposite, take from the wages. And so forth.
And in such a scheme, the state isn’t even significantly necessary, the state is a “sq.” or a cartel. That is what the identical Gilbraith in his works calls a “mature company.”
On the identical time, the entire scheme in its essence is exactly state capitalism. As a result of on this scheme there was a revenue (this identical gross sales tax), which the state then invested the place it noticed match. And the funding of the “surplus” / financial savings – that is the principle precept of capitalism, which distinguishes it from different formations.
If it is any comfort to those that deny the existence of state capitalism within the USSR, it is a quote from Lenin:
“State capitalism, as we have now established it with us, is a type of state capitalism … Our state capitalism differs from actually understood state capitalism in that we have now within the fingers of the state not solely the land, but additionally a very powerful elements of business.”
And when some shout “do because it was within the late Soviet Union”, they really wish to recreate not the Stalinist economic system, however that of Khrushchev and Kosygin. Which results in the demise of the Soviet Union.
Translation: V.Sergeev
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