SUKABUMIUPDATE.com – The sun is expected to enlarge up to 1,000 times in the final stages of its life and obliterate the earth in an instant. A distant star, Rho Coronea Borealis, will show the cataclysmic event.
Quoting tempo.co, new mathematical calculations of Rho Coronea Borealis, which is located in the habitable zone 57 light years away, reveal it is nearing the end of its life cycle and will transition into a red giant in about a billion years.
The four planets known to be orbiting will be impacted by the star’s atmosphere, some will evaporate and others will be torn apart.
Scientists first theorized that the same fate would befall the sun sometime in the 1940s. But they concluded this was unlikely to happen in the next five billion years.
“We show that three inner planets (e, b, and c) were engulfed during the asymptotic red giant and giant branch phases, most likely destroying the planets through evaporation or tidal disruption,” reads the study published on arXiv, as per quoted by Daily Mail, November 1 2023.
Rho Coronae Borealis is a yellow-orange main sequence dwarf star with 96 percent the mass of Earth’s Sun, 1.3 times its radius, and 1.7 times its luminosity. However, Rho Coronae Borealis is twice as old as our sun, namely 4.6 billion years.
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The sole author of the new paper is Stephen R. Kane, of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, who wanted to see what happens to an exoplanet that tightly orbits a star after it expands, Universe Today reported.
Kane used a model of stellar evolution to observe the effects when stars transition into gas giants. The stellar evolution model is a mathematical model that can be used to calculate the evolutionary phases of a star from its formation to its remnant.
Kane writes that he and his team overlaid the properties of evolving stars with planetary orbits. All three planets are at least Earth-sized, with the two innermost planets closer to the star than Mercury.
The model predicts the star will become a red giant at 11.5874 Gyrs- one Gyrs equals one billion years. And planets e, b, and c were swallowed by the star at stellar ages of 11.5630, 11.5785, and 11.5846 Gyrs. “At which point the star encompasses all the planets except the outermost planet, d,” the study said.
“At 11.7088 Gyrs, the star swallowed planet d again. “Even though all the planets will enter the atmosphere of the Rho CrB star, the prognosis for each planet varies greatly,” explained Kane.
Scientists believe Planet e is terrestrial and will evaporate instantly. Planet b is bigger than Jupiter and will get out of control when the sun expands, causing a ripple effect on Planet c. And Planet d would then be swallowed, but Kane noted in his research that the world could have been pushed into another orbit.
“The evolution of a star through its development on the main sequence, expansion into a giant star, and then final contraction into a white dwarf, has profound consequences for the orbiting planets,” Kane wrote.
“Given the masses and semimajor axes of the four known planets, we predict that planet e will evaporate within the star’s atmosphere, planet b will spiral and experience tidal disruption, potentially further inflating the star, and planet c will evaporate within the atmosphere that star.”
Source: Tempo.co
Editor: Oksa Bachtiar Camsyah
2023-11-02 03:29:00
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