CNEWS Convergence News Network reporter Chen Junkai/Reporting from Taipei
Taiwan’s latest research overturns century-old established views on the transmission mode of dengue fever! The National Institute of Health announced the latest research results today (18th), using mathematical model analysis and animal experiments to confirm that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes may transmit dengue virus through a transmission model similar to “shared needles”, as long as there is a patient on the mosquito’s mouthparts You may become infected with just two bites of the mosquito’s blood. Unlike the past belief that the virus must complete multiple replications in the mosquito’s body for at least 8 days before it can be transmitted when the mosquito bites the next person, this “mechanical transmission mode” This may be the cause of the dengue fever epidemic in Taiwan in 2015. However, the research team also emphasized that not every virus can be transmitted through this mode.
Chen Junhong’s team, an associate researcher at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines and the National Research Center for Mosquito-Borne Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, established mathematical model analysis and animal experiments with a multinational team from the University of California, Nagoya University, Tsinghua University, National Taiwan University and the National Institute of Health. Discovered a new transmission pattern of dengue fever and explained the possible reasons for the rapid spread of dengue fever in the community causing a pandemic. The research results were published in “eBiomedicine”, a sub-journal of the well-known international journal “Lancet” in August this year.
Chen Junhong said that in the past, scientists believed that after a mosquito bites a dengue fever patient, the virus needs to complete multiple replications in the mosquito’s body, and then be infected from the midgut to the salivary glands before it can be transmitted when the mosquito bites the next person. This process takes at least 8 days, the interval between onset of illness is at least 10 days, which is called the exogenous incubation period. However, the National Institute of Health and the Kaohsiung City Health Bureau jointly analyzed the onset sequence of individual cases of the 2015 pandemic and found that 85% of infected people in the same household had less than 10 days between onset of illness. in 3 days.
The research team further used animal experiments to allow mosquitoes to bite a virus-infected mouse and then bite an uninfected mouse in a half-full state. The results confirmed that the mosquito’s mouthparts were infected with the virus as long as the amount of virus was sufficient. The virus can then be transmitted and the next mouse infected, which is similar to the infection pattern of viral hepatitis and HIV by sharing needles.
Chen Junhong said that the results showed that 25% of the mice were infected with the dengue virus during the experiment, and one bite was not enough. It took two bites to become infected. The process of taking a breath only took 10 seconds. To be cautious, the research team also removed the mouth of the mosquito. The virus was cut off from the device, extracted, and then injected into mice. It was also found that it would cause infection.
Chen Junhong said that Aedes aegypti is one of the main vectors of the dengue virus. Its main habitats are mainly distributed in Tainan and Kaohsiung. It prefers to move in indoor environments and often needs to bite multiple people in the process of completing a complete blood meal. Such bites are frequent. The behavioral pattern of one host may pass the virus to the next person in this “mechanical transmission mode”. “The mouthparts of mosquitoes are like nanoscale needles”, which greatly shortens the time for the virus to spread and increases the number of times the virus spreads. Opportunities for human-to-human transmission, in particular, lead to the rapid spread of dengue fever within communities.
Not all viruses can be transmitted mechanically! Chen Junhong emphasized that the research team this time focused on the more virulent and fast-reproducing type 2 dengue virus, but found that not every type 2 dengue virus can spread in this way. The difference may come from the reproduction rate of different viruses, or even Unknown properties.
Chen Junhong said that this research will help the future prevention and control of dengue fever. Early response can be taken. At the beginning of the epidemic, we can analyze whether the virus can spread mechanically and issue early warnings to avoid a significant increase in the number of infected people and cause a pandemic. .
The National Institute of Health emphasized that the next step of the research team will continue to analyze whether other mosquito species or mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as schizophrenia and Zika virus, may also be transmitted through the same mode.
Photo source: CNEWS file photo/Photo by reporter Chen Junkai
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2023-12-18 02:43:33
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