He Ministry of Health of the Nation ireported that syphilis cases in Argentina reached a historic peak, with 32,293 infections in 2023, The highest number in the last three decades. Syphilis is now the sexually transmitted infection (STI) with the highest increase in cases. The latest National Epidemiological Bulletin (BEN) reveals a 42% increase compared to 2018, when 22,734 cases were recorded. Preliminary data for 2024 suggest a similar upward trend. Between 2018 and 2019, an increase in cases was observed, followed by a decrease during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021. However, in 2023, the number of infections reached a record of 32,293, with an average of 88 cases per day.
The most affected group in 2023 is the 20-24 age group, followed by the 25-29 and 30-34 age groups. The highest incidence rates were among women (55.4%), especially between the ages of 15 and 39. From the age of 50 onwards, the number of cases in men exceeds that of women. In regional terms, 2023 showed high notification rates in all regions, except in the Centre, which maintained figures similar to 2019. Santa Fe experienced a significant increase in cases, with 4,392 notifications in 2023, compared to 282 in 2018.
Conclusions of the Report:
Symptoms and Prevention:
- Symptoms: Syphilis occurs in three stages. The first stage involves a painless ulcer called a “chancre.” The second stage may include rashes, mouth sores, fever, and swollen glands. If left untreated, the infection may progress without symptoms during a latent period.
- Diagnosis: It is performed by blood tests, either by extraction or rapid test. A positive result requires confirmation.
- Treatment: Syphilis is treated with antibiotics, which are available free of charge at health centres. It is essential to treat both the infected person and their sexual partners.
Transmission Routes and Prevention:
- Sexual Route: It is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids during unprotected sexual intercourse. Prevention includes the use of condoms and attention to possible symptoms.
- Perinatal Route: It is transmitted during pregnancy or childbirth. It is crucial that pregnant people get tested and receive appropriate treatment to prevent transmission.
