Peanut Allergy: 10 Surprising Facts You Need to Know

1. A peanut allergy results from an immune system reaction

A peanut allergy develops when the immune system reacts to major proteins found in peanuts as if they are harmful invaders.

2. It’s unclear why peanut allergies are becoming more common

Cases of peanut allergy have steadily increased in recent history. Possible reasons include environmental changes, shifts in diets, and outdated recommendations to avoid peanut-based foods in young children.

3. Peanut allergy reactions are usually the result of accidental ingestion

Accidental exposures to peanuts are common, even if the food itself does not contain peanuts. Cross-contact with peanuts can still result in an allergic reaction.

4. There are varied symptoms of peanut allergies

An allergic reaction to peanuts can manifest in a wide range of symptoms, including hives, skin redness or swelling, itching or tingling in the throat or mouth, runny nose, red watery eyes, swelling of the tongue and/or lips, nasal congestion, stomach cramps and/or abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, difficulty breathing and/or wheezing.

5. Children and adults with peanut allergies are at risk for anaphylaxis

Peanut allergy is the most common allergy associated with anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

6. Testing and diagnosis can begin in infancy

Babies as young as four months old can be tested for peanut allergies. Blood work and skin testing can ensure accurate diagnoses.

7. A peanut allergy diagnosis doesn’t always mean all nuts must be avoided

Peanuts are legumes, and other types of nuts, such as walnuts, almonds, and cashews, are often safe to eat. However, it is always advised to have a clinical evaluation with an allergist.

8. An allergic reaction could be triggered by non-food items

Peanut proteins can also be present in various non-food items, including vitamins, medications, skin creams, cosmetics, and even pet food.

9. An allergy can be outgrown over time

If you suspect you’ve outgrown a peanut allergy, follow-up testing with an allergist is recommended.

10. Peanut allergies can be treated

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a recommended treatment, as it gradually desensitizes the body to the allergen. Other treatment options include FDA-approved drugs such as Palforzia and Xolair.

It is important to remember that peanut allergies can have severe or life-threatening reactions, so seeking a clinical diagnosis and immediate medical treatment is crucial. With advancements in research and development, it is expected that there will be more treatment options for people with peanut allergies in the future.