Stephen Hawking: A Brief Biography and Contributions to Quantum Physics

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Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS is a theoretical physicist. Hawking was born in Oxford on 8 January 1942 to Frank (1905–1986) and Isobel Hawking (ne Walker; 1915–2013). Her mother is Scottish. Although his family struggled financially, both his parents studied at the University of Oxford. Frank studied medicine and Isobel studied philosophy, politics, and economics. They met at a medical research facility shortly after the outbreak of World War II; Isobel works as a secretary and Frank works as a medical researcher. They live in Highgate. However, due to the London bombings, Isobel moved to Oxford to safely give birth to her child. Hawking has two younger brothers, Philippa and Maria, and an adopted brother, Edward. He is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the field of quantum physics, especially his theories on cosmology, quantum gravity, black holes and Hawking radiation. One of his writings is A Brief History of Time, which was a London Sunday Times bestseller for 237 consecutive weeks. The longest period in history.

Hawking has always been interested in science. Hawking was inspired to study mathematics at university by his mathematics teacher, Dikra Throne. His father wanted Hawking to study at University College, Oxford, where his father attended school. Hawking then studied natural sciences. He received a scholarship and later majored in physics. After receiving his BA In 1962 he stayed in Oxford to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found out that studying sunspots wasn’t for him and Hawking was more interested in theory than observation. Hawking then entered Trinity Hall in Cambridge. He studied theoretical astronomy and cosmology.

Shortly after his arrival at Cambridge, he developed symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which he lost nearly all of his neuromuscular control. In 1974, he was unable to feed himself or get out of bed. His voice was muffled so that only those who knew him well could hear it. In 1985 he contracted pneumonia and had to undergo a tracheotomy, leaving him completely unable to speak. A Cambridge scientist built a device that allowed Hawking to enter what he wanted to say into a computer, which was then spoken through a speech synthesizer.

Hawking has always been interested in science. Hawking was inspired to study mathematics at university by his mathematics teacher, Dikra Throne. His father wanted Hawking to study at University College, Oxford, where his father attended school. Hawking then studied natural sciences. He received a scholarship and later majored in physics. After receiving his BA In 1962 he stayed in Oxford to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found out that studying sunspots wasn’t for him and Hawking was more interested in theory than observation. Hawking then entered Trinity Hall in Cambridge. He studied theoretical astronomy and cosmology.

Shortly after his arrival at Cambridge, he developed symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which he lost nearly all of his neuromuscular control. In 1974, he was unable to feed himself or get out of bed. His voice was muffled so that only those who knew him well could hear it. In 1985 he contracted pneumonia and had to undergo a tracheotomy, leaving him completely unable to speak. A Cambridge scientist built a device that allowed Hawking to enter what he wanted to say into a computer, which was then spoken through a speech synthesizer.

Stephen Hawking discovered the laws of black hole mechanics. Its first law states that the total surface area of ​​a black hole never shrinks. This is also known as Hawking’s surface theorem. The second law states that black holes are hot. But it is a contradiction in classical physics that black holes do not radiate heat. The second law is the Hairless black hole theorem, which states that black holes can be characterized by three numbers; mass, angular momentum, and charge. Black holes emit radiation that can continue until the energy is exhausted and lost. This is also known as Hawking radiation. In January 1971 he won the prestigious Gravity Research Foundation Award for his essay “Black Hole”.

*  (1983). Vacuum energy and general relativity (Tesis PhD). University of Cambridge. http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=5544. “Archive copy”. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

*  *  Bousso, Raphael (1997). Pair creation of black holes in cosmology (Tesis PhD). University of Cambridge. http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=18697. “Archive copy”. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

*  *  Carr, Bernard John (1976). Primordial black holes (Tesis PhD). University of Cambridge. http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=6798. “Archive copy”. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

*  Dowker, Helen Fay (1991). Space-time wormholes (Tesis PhD). University of Cambridge. http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=7858. “Archive copy”. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

2023-07-13 01:38:54
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