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Stars can explode. In fact, there are stars that do explode at the end of their lives. no half-hearted, star explosion posed include a devastating explosion in the universe.
In 1572, Tycho Brahe, a nobleman and astronomer from Denmark saw a new bright star for the first time. Because this is a new star, Brahe gave the nickname Stella Nova aka the new star. After that, Johannes Kepler also observed a similar incident in 1604 and wrote about it in the book De Stella Nova in Pede Serpentarii (A New Star at the Foot of the Snake-bearer).
Finally, the term nova as a new star is used by astronomers for stars that have increased in brightness. So, a star that is usually dim and cannot be seen with the naked eye suddenly becomes a very bright object.
Nova
Nova is a stellar explosion event that occurs in white dwarfs. So, there are stars who are not alone in the universe. Stars like this are always in pairs and orbit each other.
After billions of years, one of the stars runs out of hydrogen fuel in the center so that it expands into a red giant and eventually dies as a white dwarf. Star partner too. The hydrogen in the center is depleted and eventually expands into a red giant star. This expanding stellar envelope still contains hydrogen.
What remains, white dwarfs and red giants circle each other. As a result, the white dwarf attracts matter (in this case hydrogen) from its partner star to the surface of the white dwarf. A hydrogen blanket forms on the surface of the white dwarf. The surface of the star gets hotter and triggers a surface-wide fusion reaction that burns hydrogen to helium and releases a huge amount of energy into space.
The explosion on the surface of the white dwarf is what causes changes in brightness for several days or even months.
Supernova
A supernova is a powerful explosion that ends the life of a star. When a supernova occurs, the increased brightness of the star can be billions of times brighter than the nova.
Usually, stars that explode as supernovae are still stars with a mass of more than 8 solar masses. So when a star runs out of helium fuel and carbon remains, the carbon burns into other elements that make up iron. But, to burn iron, it takes a very strong energy.
When the required energy is sufficient, it turns out that the gravity at the center is too great and the star eventually collapses and explodes as a supernova. This massive star exploding event is known as a Type II Supernova.
So what kind of Supernova Type I?
Again this is star explosion what happens in double stars, where a white dwarf steals matter from its partner star. Of course there is an increase in the mass of white dwarfs. When the white dwarf reaches a critical mass of 1.4 solar masses, the pressure at the center will reach the threshold for carbon and oxygen to start the uncontrolled burning of carbon and oxygen, triggering an explosion.
This supernova event was observed by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler. Brahe observed SN 1572 in the constellation Cassiopeia while Kepler observed SN 1604 in the constellation Ophiuchus.
hypernova
From the name, this explosion event is indeed bigger than a supernova. Even the energy generated from the explosion can be 100 times greater than a supernova. Hypernova also has another nickname, namely collapsar or collapse star or collapsing star.
A hypernova explosion occurs when the center of a massive star with a mass of more than 30 solar masses collapses and triggers a massive explosion that leaves a black hole. However, another theory also states that a hypernova can occur when a massive star in a double star pair explodes as a supernova leaving a neutron star.
Meanwhile, the partner star also explodes and the ejected material falls onto the neutron star and triggers a prolonged nuclear reaction that produces a much larger supernova or hypernova.
Kilonova
This kilonova explosion is still associated with the end of the star’s life. Kilonova events are closely related to neutron star pairs, as well as neutron star pairs and black holes.
So, initially there was a pair of massive stars orbiting each other. Both stars evolve and eventually explode as supernovae, leaving a pair of neutron stars or a pair of neutron stars and a black hole. In the end, this pair of stars approached each other until they finally collided and merged.
When a pair of neutron stars or neutron stars and black holes collide, there is an explosion that accompanies the event. This explosion that releases bursts of gamma rays is called a kilonova or macronova.
This kilonova event produces a brightness 1,000 times brighter than a nova but also not as bright as a supernova.
Микронова
If there is a macronova, then there must be a micronova. This event has just been discovered by astronomers. Similar to novae, micronova events also occur in white dwarfs.
However, the duration of the micronova is only a few hours and the area of the explosion is localized. Micronovas occur in pairs of white dwarfs with very strong magnetic fields and normal stars. So when a white dwarf attracts matter, in this case hydrogen, from its partner star, this strong magnetic field pushes the material toward the star’s magnetic poles.
As a result, the pulled hydrogen becomes the fuel that triggers a fusion reaction that burns hydrogen into helium in the area of the star’s magnetic poles. As a result, there was a micro-scale explosion.
Strength star explosion it’s micro or small. Only one in a millionth of the power of a nova explosion occurs across the white dwarf’s surface. That’s why astronomers gave it the nickname micronova!
Want to know more about astronomy? detikters can read at here.
This article is a collaboration between detikEdu and Langit Selatan. The entire content of the article is the responsibility of the author.
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