A groundbreaking study by astronomers at the University of southampton may have finally cracked the code behind the formation of the universe’s largest galaxies. These elliptical galaxies, resembling bulging footballs compared to our own Milky Way’s flat disc, have long puzzled scientists.
Published in the prestigious journal Nature,the research suggests that colossal galactic collisions occurring billions of years ago could be the key. “Two disc galaxies smashing together caused gas, the fuel from which stars are formed, to sink towards their center, generating trillions of new stars,” explains Dr.Annagrazia Puglisi,a lead researcher on the project.
“These cosmic collisions happened some eight to 12 billion years ago, when the universe was in a much more active phase of its evolution. Our findings take us closer to solving a long-standing mystery in astronomy that will redefine our understanding of how galaxies were created in the early universe,” she adds.
The team, collaborating with the Purple Mountain Observatory in China and the Chinese Academy of Science, analyzed over 100 star-forming galaxies in the distant universe. they utilized the world’s largest radio telescope, ALMA, located in Chile’s Atacama desert.
Dr. Qing-Hua Tan, the study’s lead author from the Purple Mountain observatory, describes their innovative approach: “This is the first real evidence that spheroids form directly through intense episodes of star formation located in the cores of distant galaxies. Astrophysicists have sought to understand this process for decades.”
“These galaxies form quickly – gas is sucked inwards to feed black holes and triggers bursts of stars, which are created at rates 10 to 100 times faster than our Milky Way,” Dr. tan elaborates.
The researchers plan to combine their findings with data from telescopes aboard the James Webb and Euclid satellites, as well as the Chinese Space Station. This comprehensive approach will allow them to map the stellar components of galaxies, providing a more complete picture of early galaxy formation and shedding light on the universe’s evolution as its inception.
This research offers a tantalizing glimpse into the dramatic processes that shaped the cosmos billions of years ago, possibly rewriting our understanding of how the universe came to be.
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