[Naidheachdan NTD, àm Beijing, 09 Samhain, 2024]Astronomers generally believe that the mass of a starblack holeusually familiar with starssupernovaIt was formed by collapse after an explosion. However, the discovery of the first triple black hole system “V404 Cygni” overturned the original knowledge.
thisblack holeIt is surrounded by a very close star (which rotates once every 6.5 days) and a very distant star, which is 100 times the distance between Pluto and the Sun.
A new study carried out thousands of simulations to investigate the process of the formation of this black hole and found that the most likely scenario is “vertical collapse“, that is, the black hole will disappear withoutsupernovaCreated in case of explosion.
V404 Cygnus may not be a household name, but it has been the subject of some 1,300 scientific papers and counting. That’s because this small quasar contains a black hole that was confirmed in 1992, one of the first black holes to be confirmed. It has been the subject of intense study ever since. Even after 30 years of intense study, V404 Cygnus, which is about 8,000 light-years away from Earth, still surprises astronomers.
find outthree bodiesblack hole system
Scientists at MIT and Caltech recently discovered that the black hole is not part of a binary system, the most common scenario in which a star orbits a black hole. And Cygnus V404 is indeed athree bodiesPart of a black hole system, meaning there are two stars orbiting this supermassive black hole. The research team analyzed a database called Aladin Lite which collects the results of a large number of telescope observations, and referenced stellar motion data collected by the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Gaia satellite ) to finally confirm their initial conclusion.
Their research shows that V404 Cygnus actually hosts two stars: a known star that passes very close to the black hole, and a newly discovered star that orbits it. the 70,000 years on Earth at a distance of about the distance between the Sun and Pluto 100 times. The results of this study were published in the journal Nature on October 23.
“This system is very exciting for studying black hole evolution and raises the question of whether there are more three-body systems like this,” said study lead author Kevin Burdge of MIT in a press release. “We thought that most black holes were created from violent explosions of stars, but the new findings cast doubt on this.”
A direct collapse rather than a supernova explosion
Black holes are notoriously difficult to study because physics is known to break down within the “event horizon,” but astronomers at least theorize that supermassive black holes are formed by stars much larger than our sun Created after a supernova explosion. This supernova explosion produces what is known as a “natal bounce”, which causes anything on the edge of gravity to escape from its gravitational constraints. However, the presence of distant stars around V404 Cygni contradicts this hypothesis.
“Imagine you’re pulling a kite, but instead of a strong string, you’re pulling spider silk,” Burdge said in a press release. “If you pull too hard, the thread will break and you’ll lose the kite. Gravity is like this spider’s thread that barely binds, and if you make a big change to the inner binary star system, you’ll lose the star. outside.”
To understand how V404 Cygnus formed, Burdge ran a series of simulations looking for conditions that would keep distant stars orbiting the black hole. After running thousands of simulations, some involving supernovae, others simulated a concept called “vertical collapse,” in which the star essentially jumps off the stage. a supernova explosion. The simplest way to describe Cygnus V404’s current position is that it is “falling straight. “
The outer star also provides astronomers with more information about the black hole it orbits. As the star is currently transitioning to a red giant stage, researchers estimate that the three-body black hole system is about four billion years old. Burdge told Space.com that future research hopes to learn more about this intriguing three-body system, specifically whether the outer star’s orbit is circular or eccentric. It is hoped that the “GRAVITY” instrument on the European Space Agency’s Very Large Telescope, which is designed to monitor the tiny movements of distant stars, will give people additional clues to the black hole system. examine this particular.
(Reprinted from The Epoch Times / Editor: Ye Ping)
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