Tick-borne diseases have become an increasingly prevalent concern around the world. Now, researchers are warning of a new tick-borne disease named babesiosis, which is caused by microscopic parasites that can infect red blood cells in humans. Babesiosis is spreading rapidly, posing a significant threat to public health. In this article, we will explore what babesiosis is, how it spreads, and what measures can be taken to protect oneself from this growing threat.
Tick-borne disease babesiosis is on the rise in North America, spreading especially between May and October. Recent research suggests an increase in the incidence of diseases transmitted by ticks around the world, which is likely due to climate change and other environmental factors. Babesia parasites, which infect and destroy red blood cells, are considered a serious threat to humans and animals among the tick-borne pathogens. All cases of human babesiosis reported in the United States have been linked to either Babesia microti, B. duncani, or a B. divergens-like species.
Now a research team led by scientists at the University of California, Riverside, and Yale University reports the first high-quality nuclear genome sequence and assembly of the pathogen B. duncani. The team also determined the 3D genome structure of this pathogen that resembles Plasmodium falciparum, the malaria-causing parasite.
The study not only identifies the molecular mechanism most likely leading to the parasite’s pathogenicity and virulence but also provides leads for the development of more effective therapies. By mining the genome and developing in vitro drug efficacy studies, the research identifies excellent inhibitors of the development of this parasite—a pipeline of small molecules such as pyrimethamine that could be developed as effective therapies for treating and better managing human babesiosis.
A strong immune system is required to fight the pathogen. A compromised immune system could lead to flu-like illness. The tick that spreads babesiosis is mostly found in wooded or grassy areas and is the same tick that transmits bacteria responsible for Lyme disease. As a result, about 20% of patients with babesiosis are co-infected with Lyme disease.
Human babesiosis caused by Babesia duncani is an emerging infectious disease in the U.S. and is often undetected because healthy individuals do not usually show symptoms. It has, however, been associated with high parasite burden, severe pathology, and death in multiple cases. Once the pathogen enters the body and red blood cells start to get destroyed, fever, headache, and nausea can follow. People who get bitten by the ticks often don’t feel the bite, which complicates diagnosis.
Le Roch, Mamoun, and Lonardi urge people to be mindful of ticks when they go hiking. “Check yourself for tick bites,” Le Roch said. “When you see your physician, don’t forget to let them know you go hiking. Most physicians are aware of Lyme disease but not of babesiosis.” Next, the team plans to study how B. duncani survives in the tick and find novel vector control strategies to kill the parasite in the tick.
As outdoor activities become more popular, it is crucial for individuals to be careful and educate themselves on the risks associated with tick bites, including the potential for tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis. It is important to take preventative measures, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outside. As researchers continue to study tick-borne illnesses, it is essential for individuals to stay informed and take the necessary steps to protect themselves and their loved ones. By taking these precautions and increasing awareness, we can work towards reducing the incidence of tick-borne diseases and keeping ourselves healthy while enjoying the great outdoors.
