Resurgence of Measles, Tuberculosis, and Polio Raises Concerns in the US
In recent weeks, the United States has witnessed a concerning resurgence of diseases that were previously on the decline or even considered eradicated. Measles, tuberculosis, and polio have made headlines, causing alarm among public health officials and experts. The reappearance of these diseases has raised questions about the factors contributing to their resurgence and the potential dangers they pose.
Measles, in particular, has garnered significant attention after outbreaks occurred in multiple states in 2023, including an outbreak at a daycare center. In late December, nine individuals in the Philadelphia area tested positive for measles, with the outbreak believed to have originated from a daycare center. Shortly after, public health officials in Virginia issued a warning about possible measles exposure at Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan National Airport. Washington state also reported six cases of measles following a family gathering. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning to healthcare providers after confirming 23 cases of measles between December 1 and January 23.
Meanwhile, cases of tuberculosis have emerged in schools in Pennsylvania and Las Vegas over the past week. Polio, a disease that was once feared and can cause paralysis, was even detected in New York’s Rockland County in 2022.
The primary factor behind this resurgence is the lack of vaccination. Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and professor at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, emphasizes that vaccines have played a crucial role in eliminating these diseases. However, some parents have chosen to withhold vaccination from their children, creating pockets of susceptibility. Dr. Thomas Russo, an expert in infectious diseases at the University of Buffalo, adds that vaccination rates have declined overall in the country. The anti-vaccination movement and missed doses during the pandemic have contributed to this decline. Additionally, increased travel post-pandemic has exposed individuals to areas where these diseases are more prevalent, leading to their reintroduction upon return.
Another factor is the lack of awareness and urgency among the population. Many people have forgotten the severity of these diseases and do not prioritize protecting themselves or their families. Dr. Schaffner highlights the surprise at how easily these diseases spread and the severity of their impact when reintroduced into the population. The historical knowledge of these diseases has faded due to their absence for many years.
While the number of cases remains relatively low in the US, the consequences of contracting these diseases can be severe. Dr. William A. Petri, an infectious disease expert at UVA Health, notes that measles remains unusual in the US, with less than 100 cases per year on average. Tuberculosis cases saw a modest increase in 2022. However, those who do contract these diseases can experience significant illness. Dr. Schaffner warns that current parents often underestimate the seriousness of these diseases, trivializing them. Measles, in particular, is highly contagious and can spread rapidly among unvaccinated individuals. Polio, although less common, can lead to paralysis, while tuberculosis can be fatal if not properly treated.
To combat this resurgence, experts recommend vaccination. While tuberculosis vaccines are only recommended under specific circumstances in the US, vaccines for polio and measles are part of routine childhood vaccinations. Adults who have not been vaccinated against these diseases are advised to do so. Primary care physicians or health departments can administer these vaccines, although it may be necessary to call in advance to ensure availability. Dr. Schaffner emphasizes that it is not too late for adults to receive these vaccines, as the consequences of these diseases can be even more severe in adults than in children.
The recent resurgence of measles, tuberculosis, and polio in the US serves as a reminder of the importance of vaccination and the potential dangers of these diseases. As public health officials work to contain and prevent further outbreaks, it is crucial for individuals to prioritize their health and the well-being of their communities by staying up to date with vaccinations.
