RADARWONOGIRI.COM-Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) must be carried out in a disciplined manner. If not, germs have the potential to become resistant to drugs.
Pulmonary specialist at RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Wonogiri Enny Sudaryati said TB is a disease caused by germs Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. These germs can attack the human body, especially the lungs. “TB is not a hereditary disease,” he said.
TB germs need to be watched out for, because germs can also evolve and become resistant to drugs. tuberculosis multidrug resistant (MDR TB) is TB that is resistant to at least two antituberculosis drugs (OAT). The most potent are INH and rifampicin together with or without resistance to other first-line anti-TB drugs.
According to Enny, TB germs can become resistant for several reasons. Usually Katena does not finish treatment. It could also be the wrong dosage of the drug, problems with the supply of the drug or the wrong way of taking the drug.
“Transmission of MDR TB is the same as pulmonary TB in general, through splashes of sputum or droplets from TB sufferers when they cough and sneeze,” said Enny.
He added, if a patient with TB coughs or sneezes without covering their mouth and nose, the germs can spread in the air. If there are other people around, there is a potential for contracting the germs that cause TB.
The symptoms of MDR TB are the same as those of ordinary TB. What makes it different is that the disease-causing germs are resistant to drugs. Symptoms of TB include coughing up phlegm for more than two weeks.
Meanwhile other symptoms include fever, coughing up blood, pain in the chest, sweating at night without activity. In addition, appetite and weight loss. “MDR TB can be cured, you have to take the medicine regularly until it’s finished,” said Enny.
MDR TB treatment is given to people who are proven to have MDR TB after the examination. Treatment is given at designated health care facilities for 18-24 hours. Meanwhile, swallowing drugs must be monitored by health workers every day
There are a number of side effects in patients after taking the drug. These include nausea and vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, muscle aches and bone pain. Besides that, there is also a decrease in appetite, then tingling to a burning feeling in the feet. It could also be reddish urine.
So what happens if you stop taking anti-TB drugs prematurely? Enny said, germs in the body become resistant to drugs so that treatment will take longer and be more expensive because the types of drugs are different. “Germs that are resistant to drugs can be transmitted to other people around the sufferer,” said Enny.
Meanwhile, there are a number of things that can be done to prevent TB transmission. Patients must meminun medication regularly.
TB patients must cover their mouths when coughing and sneezing. Besides that, don’t throw phlegm anywhere, but throw it away in a special and closed place. Residential houses must have good air ventilation so that air circulation runs smoothly.
When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or tissue. Then the tissue must be disposed of in a closed trash can.
“Use water and soap to wash your hands then dry them. When in contact with other people wear a mask. If at home, open the window in the morning so that there is air circulation and sunlight can enter,” said Enny.
Meanwhile, MDR TB patients have their own way of dieting. According to Enny, sufferers need to eat more than healthy people (about 1.5 times the food of healthy people).
In addition, you should also frequently consume high-quality protein sources such as egg whites, chicken, fish and milk (animal side dishes). Meanwhile, tempeh, tofu, nuts and their processed products can be given in addition to sufficient fat and carbohydrates.
“Vitamins C, K and B complex are sourced from fruits and vegetables. Minerals are also sufficient, especially iron and calcium,” said Enny.
He also gave messages to sufferers and families of MDR TB patients. Patients must check themselves regularly to the service unit or hospital. Then also diligently and regularly using medicine, will reduce medical expenses and speed healing.
If you cough, cover your mouth and do not spit randomly. It is better to spit in a can that has been filled with lison or bayclin.
Patients should not share a room with other family members, especially during the first two months of treatment. Families of patients who have symptoms of pulmonary TB should check themselves as early as possible to determine whether they are infected or not. Patients are asked to eat nutritious and affordable food to increase their immune system.
“If you are a TB patient, get treatment thoroughly according to the recommendations of health workers. If diagnosed with MDR TB, start treatment immediately at the designated special service facility. Treatment of MDR TB to completion is the best way for patients to recover,” explained Enny.
At the Hospital Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Wonogiri, there is also a TB RO (Drug Resistant) Polyclinic. Officers are also ready to serve with predetermined SOPs. (al/wa)
