CNN Indonesia
Thursday, 24 Aug 2023 20:02 WIB
Quasar 3C273 is in a giant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo and its temperature can reach 10 trillion degrees Celsius. (Photo: doc. NASA)
Jakarta, CNNIndonesia —
The Hubble Space Observatory’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) captured this photo ‘hell’ near black hole or black hole, Quasar 3C273. Does it threaten the earth?
Quasar 3C273 is in a giant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo. Its light takes 2.5 billion years to reach Earth. Despite its great distance, this quasar is still one of the closest to Earth.
This quasar was the first to be identified and discovered in the early 1960s by astronomer Allan Sandage.
The term quasar is an abbreviation of the phrase “quasi-stellar radio source” (pseudo-star radio source), because they look like stars in the sky. When in fact quasars are very powerful and active galactic centers in distant galaxies.
Quasars are powered by a huge disk of particles that surrounds a supermassive black hole. When matter from this disk falls inward, some quasars, including 3C273, have been observed releasing superfast bursts into space around them.
In the photos captured by Hubble, one of the bursts appears as streaks of clouds some 200,000 light years long.
Quasars are capable of emitting hundreds or even thousands of times the total energy of our galaxy, making them the brightest and most energetic objects in the universe.
Of these very bright objects, 3C273 is the brightest in our sky. Even if this star were 30 light years from our planet, or about seven times Earth’s distance to Proxima Centauri (the closest star to the Sun) it would still appear as bright as the Sun in the sky.
Quoted from the site NASA, WFPC2 was installed on Hubble during the shuttle mission STS-61. WFPC2 and is capable of viewing images in the visible, near ultraviolet, and near infrared spectrum.
An international group of scientists led by Russian astrophysicist Yuri Kovalev in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters describes this strange object so bright that it almost completely outperforms the combined light of all the stars in the parent galaxy, which are billions of light years away from the Milky Way.
Quasar 3C273 hides a gigantic black hole at its center which sucks in surrounding matter and spews jets of plasma into space.
Astrophysicists were fascinated by the super extreme conditions at the center of a quasar, and after years of research, scientists postulated that the plasma jets emitted by quasars could not reach temperatures higher than 500 billion degrees Kelvin.
According to existing theory, heating beyond this threshold will cause a very large energy transfer from electrons to photons and result in rapid cooling.
“I believe that behind these extraordinary results lies a new chapter in the exploration of the distant universe,” said Nikolai Kardashev, project head of the Spektr-R (Radioastron) orbital observatory, quoted from Popular Mechanics.
The hottest place in the universe
Quasar 3C273, a bright region around a supermassive black hole with a temperature of about 10 trillion degrees Celsius is the hottest place in the universe ever recorded
“I think the right answer is supermassive black holes, especially supermassive black holes that grow, which means they eat gas,” said Daniel Palumbo, postdoctoral researcher in the Black Hole Initiative, a research group at Harvard University.
Black holes that house relativistic jets, or enormous beams of matter pushed very close to the speed of light, are extremely hot.
Quasar 3C273 is near a supermassive black hole which is 2.4 billion light years from Earth.
The Greenbank Observatory in West Virginia says this region has a core temperature of around 10 trillion Celsius. However, according to Palumbo, there is still uncertainty surrounding this temperature estimate.
For comparison, the surface temperature of the Sun is 5,500 degrees Celsius.
These temperatures only increase when the black hole’s powerful magnetic field pulls nearby material into relativistic jets that can shoot out into space for millions of light years.
(can/dmi)
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2023-08-24 13:02:00
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