Vaccination with Biotech Vac subunit vaccine® Salmonella in breeders produces subunit specific IgA production, as well as vaccinating the offspring.
Concern about the different serotypes of Salmonella spp. It is sustainable in all links of the poultry production chain.
Currently, this species of bacteria is considered a quality record for the food industry, importing countries and the main players in the food market, including the poultry meat sector. (Queiroz et al., 2023).
In order to achieve satisfactory results, without this pathogen in the final product, especially in broiler meat, extensive control is required from shoe breeders to meat processing plants. In this way, by guaranteeing biosecurity procedures in broiler breeding farms focused on reducing bacteria of the Salmonella genus, contributing to the reduction or absence of this pathogen. (Baptista et al., 2023).
Immunization of birds through vaccination is considered a biosecurity method (Mallioris et al., 2023) which works by stimulating the immune system to produce specific immune cells and antibodies (Lee et al., 2021).
Among the vaccination technologies most used in poultry farming to control paratyphic salmonellae are:
- inactive intramuscular ones (bacterinous and autogenous), which stimulate systemic immunity;
- The diluted vivas given through drinking water;
- The latest technology, subunit vaccines through drinking water.
Inactivated vaccines, also known as bacterins, can be produced by whole cells or subunits of the bacteria. These bacteria specifically stimulate a humoral immune response against produced antigens in vitro (Barrow and Wallis, 2000).
In this way, the function of mucosal immunity through barriers (such as mucus), changes in the cells of the innate immune system and immunoglobulin A, provides more protection, which makes it difficult to attack pathogens. (Muir et al., 1998).
In the case of protein subunit vaccines, their mechanism of action in the intestinal mucosa involves the entry of the protein subunit into M cells or recognition by dendritic cells in the ‘ intestinal mucosa, after being stimulated by the immune system in the intestinal lamina propria (Sousa-Pereira y Woof, 2019).
Therefore, the dendritic cell has the ability to present the protein subunit as an antigen to T lymphocytes, and then they are given to B lymphocytes, which differentiate them into plasmacytes.
These plasmacytes are responsible for producing secretory IgA (sIgA), which is secreted from the lamina propria into the intestinal lumen, neutralizing pathogens. (Zamrhal et al., 2022).
Currently, vaccination in broiler breeders is known to reduce the incidence Salmonella in the generation (Dórea et al., 2010).
Studies have shown that none of the broiler chickens, whose breeders were vaccinated against Salmonella spp., there was a lower incidence in chick boxes and box liners, in drag swabs, airborne dust and in carcasses, compared to progeny of unvaccinated breeders. (Obe et al., 2023).
And how can this transfer of immunoglobulin to offspring occur?
The transfer of immunoglobulins Y (IgY) and immunoglobulins A (IgA) to eggs is well established, where IgY is transferred through the egg yolk and IgA through albumin, entering the generation from day one to 14 (Kaspers et al., 1996; Lee et al., 2021).
- In this context, since subunit vaccines mainly stimulate mucosal immunity, where IgA is that immunoglobulin, offspring can be vaccinated directly.
In this way, a study carried out in broiler breeders was vaccinated with the subunit vaccine Biotech Vac® Oral Salmonella aimed to understand the behavior of vaccine-specific sIgA formation in the reproductive and production stages. In addition to the breeders (n=10), samples of the genes of vaccinated birds (n=10) were also collected.
The vaccination protocol aimed at preventing Salmonella consisted of 3 doses of subunit vaccine per drinking water, associated with a dose of inactivated intramuscular vaccine during breeding.
A collection of intestinal biological materials, sent for immunological laboratory analysis, was made at 10 weeks of age (reproductive stage), at 30 and 45 weeks of age (production stage ), and in the offspring at 1 and 7 days of age, from vaccinated breeders.
- Specific sIgA production was monitored by subunit vaccine in all stages of the birds (Figure 1).
Sows from 45-week-old, 1- and 7-day-old birds showed sIgA production (Figure 1), reaching a level of protection against Salmonella spp., shows effectiveness in preventing this battery at the level of breeders and offspring.
Another study was conducted using the subunit vaccine alone Vac biotech® Salmonella to understand the behavior of protective sIgA formation in adult birds and their offspring. The vaccination protocol used to control Salmonella consisted of 3 doses of the subunit vaccine administered through drinking water.
In this study, the collections of intestinal biological materials were made in the fetal stage at 45 weeks of age (n = 10) and in the womb at 1 day of age (n = 10) .
- These tested birds showed vaccine-specific sIgA production (Figure 2). In addition, the isolation analysis of Salmonella spp. they were negative for this pathogen.
Therefore, it can be concluded that vaccination with the subunit vaccine Vac biotech® Salmonella In broiler breeders, it produces subunit-specific IgA production, as well as immunizing the offspring through the transfer of these antibodies to protective levels.
Therefore, vaccines are used with a technology capable of reducing the burden of salmonella parathymic in broiler breeders, together with the ability to produce immunoglobulin A at the mucosal level in adult birds and offspring, Associated with a good biosecurity program, it guarantees food safety and quality produce for marketing and consumption.
Bibliographic references available on consultation with the author.
2024-10-08 22:04:00
#Protection #offspring #paratyphic #salmonella
