Miriam Fuentes Navarrete, Faculty of Nursing, UNAB Viña del Mar Campus.
Preventive exams are included in the GES Health Problems, so it is determined who should perform them, at what ages and what procedures are performed. Being a health problem, GES does not discriminate based on health insurance, being free for both FONASA and ISAPRES beneficiaries. To access them, FONASA people must request an appointment at any CESFAM to take the Adult Preventive Medicine Exam or EMPA, while ISAPRE people must consult their ISAPRE for their predetermined provider.
Its objective is to detect diseases of high occurrence in the country. For this, blood tests and consultations with professionals are performed to determine the appearance of metabolic, hormonal, nutritional, and oncological disorders in suspected or initial stages, allowing access to timely treatment that prevents their progression or modifies risk factors so that they do not occur. develop the disease. This is essential, especially in the case of oncological diseases where early detection is a fundamental factor in the prognosis of the disease.
They include the following diseases: High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, substance abuse, harmful use of alcohol and tobacco. In addition, some risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases are included, such as: excessive malnutrition, altered fasting blood glucose, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In the case of people aged 65 and over, functionality is evaluated, understood as the ability to execute actions that allow them to remain autonomous for the rest of their life.
Preventive examinations are performed once a year and include: Pregnant women (fasting blood glucose and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), blood pressure control and Blood Pressure Profile, HIV Test, VDRL or RPR Test for syphilis, nutritional diagnosis, application of substance abuse tests); people 15 years of age and older (fasting blood glucose, blood pressure control and blood pressure profile, HIV test, VDRL or RPR test for syphilis, smear test for tuberculosis, nutritional diagnosis, application of substance abuse tests); People aged 40 years and older (lipid profile blood test for diagnosis of dyslipidemia); Women aged 25 to 64 years (Pap smear (PAP) for diagnosis of cervical cancer); Women aged 50 and over (mammography for diagnosis of breast cancer); Men aged 40 and over (prostate antigen blood test for diagnosis of prostate cancer) and People aged 65 and over (functionality assessment). In the case of infants there are differences, since in them the examination seeks to promptly investigate health problems that affect their normal growth and development and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases during adolescence and adults. In this case, the diseases and examinations included are: Newborns (examination for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism and developmental dysplasia of the hips in premature babies); Infants (developmental dysplasia of the hips, for which hip x-ray is performed); Boys and girls from 2 to 5 years old (overweight and obesity, strabismus, defects and
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