The singing of birds in the early morning wakes up the ancient village with a history of more than 700 years in central Zhejiang. Zhuge Yi, the 75-year-old descendant of Zhuge, who worships the ancestors, is standing by the wall. The sound of a child’s morning reading came, just as he remembered many years ago.
Walking in the largest settlement of Zhuge Liang’s descendants in my country – Zhuge Village, Lanxi City, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, the halls, houses and alleys outline the muscles and bones, and the family traditions and ancestral precepts are inherited into the text. Living in peace and enjoying the customs, Zhuge descendants have lived here for hundreds of years, building, protecting and inheriting.
In recent years, Zhuge Village has taken “everyone is a cultural security officer and everyone is a beneficiary” as the protection concept, allowing this ancient village in the south of the Yangtze River with a long heritage to retain its “root and soul” in the living protection and development , in the tangible and intangible, create a beautiful picture of contemporary rural China in nostalgia.
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Ancient village protection: “Everyone is a cultural security officer”
Zhuge Village covers an area of 2.3 square kilometers. According to research, Zhuge Dashi, the 27th grandson of Zhuge Liang, started construction in the Yuan Dynasty. The village takes Zhongchi as the center, and there are eight alleys extending in all directions. people.
A bird’s-eye view of Zhuge Village (photo taken by drone, taken on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
According to legend, due to the unique location and layout of Zhuge Village, it was hidden in the mountains and escaped many twists and turns of wars in history. In fact, the reason why an ancient village is so well preserved is by no means a “hidden” word.
According to Zhuge Kunheng, Secretary of the General Party Branch of Zhuge Village, it has always been the tradition of Zhuge Village to build common prosperity and live together.
The prime minister’s ancestral hall, the hall, the meeting hall…Zhuge Kunheng is over seventy years old, and he has personally witnessed the spontaneous fundraising for the construction of ancient buildings in the village many times. “I spend money outside and work hard at home. Although funds were often stretched in the past, the renovation of ancient buildings in the village has never stopped.”
Tourists visit the Prime Minister’s Ancestral Hall in Zhuge Village (photo taken on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
Entering the new century, the protection and development of ancient villages has entered a new stage.
“At that time, the village already had a certain collective income, and the enthusiasm of the people was very high, but we did not seek short-term benefits, but continued to invest all the profits in protection.” Zhuge Kunheng said, “Everyone is a cultural security officer. , everyone is a beneficiary’ concept, benefiting is not just wealth, nor can it be just for a while.”
Since 2003, Zhuge Village has implemented “one household, one policy”. Some villagers still stay in their old houses, and some villagers enjoy the ex-situ building policy, and their old houses are collected by the village collectively and repaired by party members’ repair teams. Incorporating traditional activities such as ancestor worship and traditional Chinese medicine experience by Zhuge descendants, and moderately introducing new business forms such as homestay tourism and research experience, the popularity of tourists has continued to rise, and the income of villagers has gradually increased.
Tourists visit Zhuge Village (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
In order to restore the tradition to a greater extent and reduce costs at the same time, relying on the help of old craftsmen in the village, the village also established Lanxi Zhuge Ancient Building Repair Co., Ltd., which currently has a first-class qualification certificate for cultural relics protection engineering construction.
Lanxi Zhuge Ancient Building Repair Co., Ltd. is “native-born” and is responsible for the daily repair and maintenance of ancient buildings in the village by relying on old craftsmanship. Feng Shuigen, the person in charge of the company, said that the villagers have feelings for ancient buildings and understand technology. This autonomous management mode not only promotes the expansion of the normal repair team of ancient villages and the improvement of technical level, but also allows the ancient building construction skills to be inherited. Cultural relics Protection also enters a virtuous circle.
Zhuge Kunheng said that in the past 20 years, the “red line” of prioritizing protection over development and using development to feed back protection has not changed. “The first rule of any development capital is to abide by our cultural relics protection regulations. We would rather not develop than destroy cultural relics.”
“Everyone is a cultural security officer, and everyone is a beneficiary.” In the past 20 years, Zhuge Village has always practiced this concept and promoted the improvement of people’s livelihood while carrying out cultural relics protection: more than 300 million yuan has been invested in a rolling manner to repair more than 10,000 meters of roads and more than 60,000 square meters of ancient buildings. In exchange for the protection achievements, more than 600,000 tourists are received this year, and the ticket revenue is more than 20 million yuan; at the same time, nearly 500 villagers are employed at their doorsteps, and an average of 300 yuan of living allowances are distributed to village elders over 60 years old every month…
The staff of a homestay in Zhuge Village are cleaning the room (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
Cultural inheritance: retaining the “soul” of traditional culture
It was summer vacation, and Zhuge Pinyu, a villager, would open a fan in his shop along the street every day and copy Zhuge Liang’s “Book of Commandments” and “Teacher’s List”. A folding fan souvenir, carrying the profound culture of the traditional village.
Villagers in Zhuge Village write fans at home (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
If the villages laid out according to the nine palaces and eight trigrams constitute the “body”, then the “soul” of Zhuge Village’s traditional culture is preserved in etiquette, customs, family traditions, and intangible cultural heritage skills.
A carpenter cleans up works in Zhuge Village (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
Zhuge Yi is the 50th generation grandson of Zhuge Liang, and also the representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage of Zhuge’s descendants worshiping their ancestors. According to clan regulations, every spring and autumn, Zhuge Village holds two sacrificial offerings: all villagers gather to participate, 18 ritual procedures to worship ancestors, and more than 400 ancestor worship teams are divided into 9 teams to welcome the meeting and parade through the streets to watch tourists Tens of thousands.
In November 2014, the custom of worshiping ancestors (ancestors worshiped by descendants of Zhuge) was approved to be included in the extended project list of the representative list of national intangible cultural heritage.
“Sacrifice is a comprehensive ceremony, including human relations and etiquette, traditional culture, music and dance, scene layout, etc. It is an inner centripetal force for the local people and an external attraction for tourists.” Zhuge Yi said.
Li Qiuxiang, a senior engineer at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, has long been committed to the protection of traditional Chinese villages, and is also one of the planners and promoters of the protection of Zhuge Village. She said that as an important cultural heritage, traditional villages should not only protect their native architectural entities, but also protect the cultural characteristics integrated with the architecture. The two cannot be separated, otherwise the protection of architectural heritage will be an empty shell, lacking soul and life .
In addition to the two national intangible cultural heritage projects of Zhuge descendants worshiping ancestors and Wuzhou traditional folk house building skills, Zhuge Village also retains more than 10 provincial and municipal intangible cultural heritage items, including Kongming lock making skills and Zhuge traditional Chinese medicine culture. Traditional crafts.
Inheritors of intangible cultural heritage make Kongming locks in Zhuge Village (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
Zhuge Kunheng said that the attraction of traditional villages lies not only in the natural scenery and historical buildings, but also in the rich and profound excellent traditional culture contained therein, which is the endogenous driving force and outward attraction of the village’s development. “There are still many villagers living in Zhuge Ancient Village. They are the nourishers, witnesses and disseminators of traditional culture, so that our ancient village can be truly passed down alive.”
Continuation of nostalgia: rooted in “rural China” and blooming “flowers of the times”
Looking at the rural discipline, rural governance, and value norms in Zhuge Village today reflects the fit between traditional Chinese farming culture and socialist core values.
——The idea of helping the world in traditional culture continues. What are the village collective income in Zhuge Village mostly used for? Zhuge Kunheng said: “One is the protection of cultural relics, and the other is the welfare of the people.”
Provide living allowances to the elderly over 60 years old in the village, grant scholarships to qualified students, and handle medical insurance and endowment insurance for villagers; mobilize party members to conduct large-scale surveys, extensively collect opinions from the masses, understand the demands of the masses, and deal with fire exits and aging wires and other livelihood matters.
Zhuge Village has also set up a party member “representative runner” team, set up a party member “representative runner” platform, and built a party member “representative runner” network system to form a volunteer service pattern of “Party members run more errands and the masses less trouble”. Can get things done.
Tourists visit Zhuge Village (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
——The pursuit of harmonious coexistence is passed down from generation to generation. The unswerving protection of ancient villages in Zhuge Village not only represents respect for history and harmonious coexistence with nature, but also subtly promotes harmony among people.
Lead development with “rule of law” and eliminate internal contradictions with “autonomy”. Since 2014, Zhuge Village has set up a “Villagers’ Talking Room” in the village office building. Members of the village committee and party members take turns to work on shifts, and resolve conflicts and disputes by taking shifts, home visits, and key return visits. , Satisfaction continues to increase.
The pursuit of harmony has a long history. Walking through the village, it is not difficult to find that there are no gates facing each other on both sides of the narrow alley. In the old days, people believed that this kind of layout design was helpful to handle the relationship between neighbors and avoid conflicts. According to the description of the elders in the village, there used to be a custom of “drinking and talking about tea” in the village, that is, if there is a conflict in the family, everyone sits together to drink tea and chat, and talk about the matter, and the problem will be solved.
——The eternal family motto of self-cultivation and determination will last forever. On the main wall of the Dagong hall hall on the north side of Zhongchi, the full text of “Book of Commandments” hangs high. This is Zhuge Liang’s teaching to Chuitiao’er, and it is also one of the moral codes for generations of people in Zhuge Village to cultivate themselves. Among them, “There is no clear ambition without indifference, and no far-reaching without tranquility”, which is even more profound and well-known.
“I only hope that people in the world will be free from disease, so why worry about putting medicine on the shelf to make dust.” The traditional Chinese medicine hall in Zhuge Village has a history of more than 100 years. There are 14 traditional Chinese medicine families in Zhuge Village with more than four generations, and more than 300 pharmacies have been opened at home and abroad.
Tourists consult a doctor in a traditional Chinese medicine clinic in Zhuge Village (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
“For example, we have known since childhood that there is a line in the family rules that ‘poems and books are expensive, but agriculture, commerce, and household affairs are dedicated, so they are filial sons and grandchildren’. It is also very enlightening for our young people’s outlook on career choice.” Zhuge Hao, a villager Husband said.
In order to strengthen moral education, Zhuge Village has carried out a variety of moral education activities such as moral lectures, awards first, and excellent ones, with the theme of “Book of Commandments” and family rules and ancestors, and established a family precepts and rules hall and a family culture inheritance education exhibition hall. Advocate to rule the village by virtue and improve the quality of the villagers.
Blue bricks, gray tiles, and horse-head walls, the nostalgia of Zhuge Village continues.
Villagers in Zhuge Village dry lotus seeds by a pool (photographed on August 1, 2023).Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Xinyang
Lively inheritance, radiant vitality, lively colors and fragrances, on the ancient land of China, countless Zhuge villages are flying the songs of youth and blooming flowers of the times.
Writers: Wu Huanqing, Shang Yiying, Wu Shuaishuai, Zhang Xiaojie
Video reporters: Wang Yiwen, Li Tao
Poster Design: Sun Yao
Editors: Jin Xiaoqian, Qi Wenjuan, Hu Bixia, Jiang Ziwei
Coordinator: He Yuxin, Huang Xiaoxi
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责编：丛芳瑶 ]
2023-08-30 01:44:00
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