Millions Worldwide Affected by Genital Herpes, Highlighting Urgent Need for New Treatments
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A staggering 846 million people between the ages of 15 adn 49 are living with genital herpes infections, representing more than one in five individuals in this age group globally, according to new estimates released today. Alarmingly, at least one person every second—approximately 42 million annually—is estimated to contract a new genital herpes infection.
While many individuals experience no or minimal symptoms, others face recurring painful genital sores and blisters that can substantially impact their quality of life. The study reveals that over 200 million people aged 15 to 49 suffered at least one symptomatic episode in 2020, underscoring the need for improved prevention and treatment options.
“While most people with a genital herpes infection experience few symptoms, with so many infections genital herpes still causes pain and distress for millions globally and strains already overburdened health systems,” said Dr. meg Doherty, Director of Global HIV, Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes at WHO. “Better prevention and treatment options are urgently needed to reduce herpes transmission and will also contribute to reducing the transmission of HIV.”
Currently, there is no cure for herpes, though treatments are available to manage symptoms. In rare cases, the virus can lead to serious complications, such as neonatal herpes, which occurs when a mother contracts the infection for the first time during late pregnancy and passes it to her baby during childbirth.
Understanding the Two Types of Herpes Simplex Virus
There are two types of the herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-2 is primarily transmitted through sexual activity and is more likely to cause recurrent outbreaks, accounting for about 90% of symptomatic episodes.It also increases the risk of HIV infection threefold.In 2020, an estimated 520 million people were living with genital HSV-2.
HSV-1, on the other hand, typically causes oral herpes, with cold sores or mouth ulcers being the most common symptoms. However, in individuals without prior infection, HSV-1 can be transmitted sexually, leading to genital infections in adolescence or adulthood. Approximately 376 million people had genital HSV-1 infections in 2020, with 50 million of these individuals also carrying HSV-2.
The study notes a shift in transmission patterns for HSV-1, with adult genital infections rising as childhood oral infections decline. Factors such as improved hygiene and less crowded living conditions may contribute to this trend, making individuals more susceptible to the virus later in life.
“Stigma around genital herpes means it has been discussed too little, despite affecting millions of people globally. Not enough has been done to address this common infection,” said Dr. Sami Gottlieb, a Medical Officer within WHO’s Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research. “Expanded research and investment in developing new herpes vaccines and therapies, and their equitable use, could play a critical role in improving quality of life for people around the world.”
Preventive Measures and Future Directions
While condoms are not 100% effective, their consistent and correct use can reduce the risk of herpes transmission. Individuals with active symptoms shoudl avoid sexual contact, as the virus is most contagious during outbreaks. The World Health Association (WHO) recommends that people with symptoms of genital herpes undergo HIV testing and, if necessary, receive pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.
The findings underscore the urgent need for new treatments and vaccines to combat genital herpes, which not only affects millions worldwide but also exacerbates the burden on healthcare systems. Addressing the stigma surrounding the condition and increasing research funding are critical steps toward improving global health outcomes.
As the global community continues to grapple with the impact of genital herpes, the call for innovative solutions and greater awareness remains paramount. By addressing this common yet often overlooked infection, we can pave the way for a healthier future for all.
WHO Aims to Combat Genital Herpes with New Global Health Strategy
The World Health Organization (WHO) is ramping up efforts to address genital herpes infections as part of its broader Global Health Sector Strategy on HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections for 2022-2030. This initiative seeks to raise awareness about the symptoms of genital herpes, expand access to antiviral treatments, and bolster HIV prevention measures.Additionally, the WHO is investing in the research and development of innovative tools, such as vaccines, treatments, and topical microbicides, to combat herpes infections more effectively.
Earlier this year, a groundbreaking study revealed the staggering economic and health impacts of genital herpes. The research estimated that the global cost of managing these infections totals approximately $35 billion annually, driven by healthcare expenses and productivity losses.
Editor’s Note
The study, titled Estimated global and regional incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and genital ulcer disease in 2020: Mathematical modeling analyses, represents a notable update to the 2012 and 2016 WHO estimates. Authored by experts from WHO, HRP, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, and the University of Bristol, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence across all WHO regions. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the growing burden of genital herpes worldwide.
The study’s findings underscore the importance of the WHO’s ongoing efforts to combat genital herpes. By focusing on awareness,treatment access,and innovative research,the organization aims to reduce the health and economic toll of this widespread infection.
For more data on the WHO’s initiatives, visit www.who.int.
Interview: Addressing the global Burden of Genital Herpes with Dr.Sami Gottlieb
In light of the recent study by the World Health Organization (WHO) and collaborating institutions, which reveals the staggering prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus infections, we sat down with Dr. Sami Gottlieb, a Medical Officer within WHO’s Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research. Dr. Gottlieb discusses the urgent need for targeted interventions, the challenges of stigma, and the future of herpes prevention and treatment.
The Current State of Genital Herpes Worldwide
Senior Editor: Dr. Gottlieb, the study estimates that over 846 million people aged 15 to 49 are living with genital herpes. What are the key takeaways from these findings?
Dr. Gottlieb: The numbers are indeed alarming. What’s most concerning is the sheer scale of the burden—over one in five individuals in this age group globally are affected. Many people experience no symptoms, but for those who do, the recurring painful outbreaks can significantly impact thier quality of life.Additionally, genital herpes increases the risk of HIV transmission, which makes this a critical public health issue.
the Role of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Genital Herpes
Senior Editor: The study highlights the differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2. Can you explain how these two types of herpes simplex virus contribute to genital herpes?
Dr. Gottlieb: Absolutely. HSV-2 is the primary cause of genital herpes, accounting for about 90% of symptomatic episodes.It’s primarily transmitted through sexual activity and increases the risk of HIV infection threefold. on the other hand, HSV-1, which typically causes oral herpes, is increasingly being transmitted sexually, especially in populations with lower rates of childhood oral infections. This shift is highly likely due to factors like improved hygiene and living conditions, which reduce early exposure to the virus.
The Impact of Stigma and the Need for Awareness
Senior Editor: Stigma seems to be a important barrier in addressing genital herpes. How does this affect prevention and treatment efforts?
Dr. Gottlieb: Stigma is a major issue. Many people are reluctant to discuss genital herpes, even with healthcare providers, which limits their access to accurate facts and treatment. This silence also hinders research and investment in new therapies and vaccines.Addressing stigma is crucial for creating an surroundings where people feel pleasant seeking care and where public health initiatives can be effectively implemented.
Preventive Measures and Future Research
Senior Editor: What preventive measures are currently available, and what role does the WHO envision for future research?
Dr. Gottlieb: while condoms are not 100% effective, their consistent use can reduce the risk of transmission. avoiding sexual contact during outbreaks is also significant, as the virus is most contagious then. Looking ahead, we urgently need new treatments and vaccines. The WHO is committed to supporting research in this area and ensuring that any new interventions are accessible and equitable for all populations.
Final Thoughts
Senior Editor: Thank you, Dr. Gottlieb, for yoru insights. What message would you like to leave our readers with?
Dr. Gottlieb: I would encourage everyone to stay informed about genital herpes and the importance of prevention. This is a common infection that affects millions, and it’s time we address it with the urgency it deserves. By increasing awareness, reducing stigma, and investing in research, we can make significant strides in improving global health outcomes.
For more information on the WHO’s initiatives,visit www.who.int.
