Norovirus Spreading Rapidly Across the United States: How to Protect Yourself
Norovirus, also known as the stomach flu or stomach bug, is rapidly spreading across the United States, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and foodborne illness. This highly contagious virus can affect people of all ages, and it is important to take necessary precautions to protect yourself and prevent its spread.
How do you get norovirus?
Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, which is inflammation of the stomach or intestines. It can be contracted by accidentally ingesting tiny particles of feces or vomit from an infected person. Direct contact with someone who has norovirus, such as sharing food or eating utensils, can also lead to infection. Consuming contaminated food or liquids, as well as touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth, can also result in illness. It is important to note that a previous infection may not protect you against future ones, as there are many different types of noroviruses.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of norovirus usually develop within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus. Most people will start feeling better within 1 to 3 days, but they can still spread the virus for a few days after. Common symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, fever, headache, and body aches. The illness can be severe, with frequent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, leading to dehydration, especially in young children, older adults, and individuals with other illnesses. Signs of dehydration include decreased urination, dry mouth and throat, and dizziness upon standing.
How can I prevent it?
Although norovirus is highly contagious, there are steps you can take to prevent its spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following measures:
1. Wash hands: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the toilet or changing diapers, before eating or handling food, and before administering medication. It is crucial to continue practicing good hand hygiene even after you start feeling better, as the virus can be present in your vomit or feces before symptoms appear and can persist for weeks after recovery.
2. Handle food safely: Ensure that you wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cook shellfish to an internal temperature of at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and routinely clean and sanitize kitchen utensils, counters, and surfaces. Noroviruses are resistant to heat and can survive temperatures as high as 145 degrees Fahrenheit, so it is important to cook food thoroughly. If you are sick, avoid preparing food for others or providing healthcare for at least 48 hours after symptoms subside.
3. Clean with bleach: In the event of vomiting or diarrhea, it is essential to immediately clean and disinfect the affected area. You can create a household bleach solution by mixing 5 to 25 tablespoons of household bleach (5% to 8%) per gallon of water or use an EPA-registered disinfecting product specifically designed to combat norovirus. Wear gloves, wipe the area with paper towels, dispose of them in a plastic trash bag, disinfect as directed on the product label, leave the bleach disinfectant on for at least 5 minutes, clean the area again with soap and hot water, and wash your hands thoroughly.
4. Wash laundry well: If clothing or linens come into contact with vomit or feces, it is important to handle them carefully without shaking them. Wear gloves, wash the items with detergent and hot water at the maximum available cycle length, and machine dry them at the highest heat setting. Remember to wash your hands with soap and water afterward.
By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of contracting norovirus and prevent its transmission to others. Stay vigilant, practice good hygiene, and take necessary precautions to protect yourself and those around you.
