Mpox Outbreak Update: First Clade 1b Cases Confirmed in the UK
On October 30, 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed the first case of Clade 1b mpox in the United Kingdom. This individual had recently traveled to African countries experiencing community transmission of the virus. Just a few days later, on November 4, UKHSA reported that two household contacts of the initial case have also tested positive, increasing the confirmed cases in the UK to three. Despite the emerging cases, UKHSA states that the risk to the general population remains low.
Understanding Clade 1b mpox
Mpox, previously referred to as monkeypox, is an uncommon disease caused by the monkeypox virus, primarily found in some animal populations in Central and West Africa. Recent international developments have prompted public health officials to increase their vigilance as the mpox cases in Africa have surged.
In September 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, further compelling health agencies to monitor cases closely. Clade I of the mpox virus is particularly concerning, and it comprises two subclades: Ia and Ib. Clade Ib, which is currently making headlines, has been observed to have a notably lower case-fatality rate compared to Clade Ia.
The first case of Clade Ib outside of the UK was reported in Germany on October 22, 2024, in a traveler returning from Africa. In the European context, sporadic cases have additionally arisen in Sweden, Thailand, and India since the declaration of the health emergency.
The Situation in Ireland
The Health Service Executive’s (HSE) National Health Protection officials are closely monitoring the evolving situation in both the UK and Ireland. As of now, Ireland has not recorded any cases of Clade Ia or Ib mpox. So far, 14 cases of the Clade IIb variant were reported in Ireland during 2024. The general risk to the Irish public is classified as very low, with health officials urging travelers to adhere to public health advice.
How Mpox Spreads
Mpox primarily spreads through direct contact with the skin rash or sores of an infected person. It is most commonly transmitted among those who share close interactions, such as sexual partners and household members. The recent rise in cases highlights the importance of public awareness regarding symptoms and how to reduce risk.
Preventative Measures:
- Avoid close contact with individuals displaying signs of mpox, including rashes or lesions.
- Refrain from handling wild animals in areas where mpox is common.
- Wash hands frequently with soap or an alcohol-based sanitizer.
If symptoms develop after returning from travel to affected areas, isolated medical advice should be sought immediately.
Vaccination Efforts and Future Preparations
HSE’s response to mpox in Ireland includes a robust vaccination program which administered over 11,000 doses during 2022. Given the emergence of Clade Ib, discussions are ongoing about potentially revamping the vaccination program to ensure at-risk groups continue to receive protection. Current data suggest that individuals who received two doses of the vaccine or have previously contracted mpox are likely to be protected from severe illness caused by Clade Ib.
Global Response
As mpox continues to appear across borders, European health authorities, including the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), have assessed that additional imported cases in the EU are likely. Nevertheless, the overall risk to the general population remains low.
To provide additional context, mpox has caused sporadic outbreaks in regions of Africa, notably in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighboring nations, where the virus persists within animal populations.
For ongoing updates and travel advice related to mpox, you can refer to the guidelines from the WHO and ECDC. Health and safety are paramount, and travelers are encouraged to stay informed about mpox-related health advisories.
Are you or someone you know traveling to areas affected by mpox? Share your thoughts or experiences with us in the comments below. Remember, staying informed and practicing safety measures can help protect you and your community.
For more details about mpox symptoms and recommendations, visit HSE’s mpox information page.
Stay safe and healthy!
